Sodium-sulphate production from sulphate-rich bittern: A parametric study and economic evaluation

Sahu, Parul; Upadhyay, Sumesh C.; Bhatti, Sameer; Mahey, Jasbir Kaur; Sanghavi, Rahul J.; Kumar, Arvind

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105632

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To enable sufficient conductivity, sodium sulfate was commonly used in laboratory-scale studies, and thus, the materials and energy were inevitably consumed along with process emissions during upstream production of sodium sulfate. At present, evaporation technology is one of the most widely used industrial production methods of sodium sulfate, 50 and the environmental impacts may probably be attributed to the energy and material consumption associated with the evaporation and cooling equipment. In addition, electricity consumption during the operational stage constituted an important factor that influenced the environmental impacts of the EO process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for the Electrochemical Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Process: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale

Sun

Bai

Wang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is a promising technology for water purification, but indirect environmental burdens may arise in association with consumption of materials and energy during electrode preparation and process operation. This study evaluated the life cycle environmental impacts of emerging EO technology from laboratory scale to industrial scale using prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) on a quantitative basis. Environmental impacts of EO technology were assessed at laboratory scale by comparing three representative anode materials (SnO 2 , PbO 2 , and boron-doped diamond) and other two typical processes (adsorption and Fenton method), which verified the competitiveness of the EO process and identified the key factors to environmental hotspots. Thereafter, LCA of scale-up EO was performed to offer guidance for practical application, and the life cycle inventory was compiled upon thermodynamic and kinetic simulations, empirical calculation rules, and similar technical information. Results demonstrated EO to be effective for destructing recalcitrant organic pollutants, but visible direct benefits might be outweighed by increased indirect environmental burdens associated with the preparation of anode materials, use of electrolytes, and energy consumption during the operation stage at both laboratory scale and larger scale. This necessitated attention to overall life cycle profiles by taking into account reactor design, anode materials, electrolyte and flow pattern, and decentralized location with a large share of renewable power station and rigorous contamination control strategies for wastewater treatment plants.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for the Electrochemical Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Process: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale

Sun

Bai

Wang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One example of an aqueous solution containing sulfate and chloride anion with a common cation is KCl and K 2 SO 4 mixtures found in fertilizer applications. − For these mixtures, ASC could be leveraged to crystallize K 2 SO 4 while KCl was kept in solution. Another example of mixed aqueous salt solutions containing NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 are natural brines and bitterns of the salt lake in Rajasthan, India . The application of ASC for NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 separation from such brines will be discussed in detail in the ASC Case Study section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case study of ASC-based separation of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride from mixed aqueous solutions (bittern) is presented. Concentrated brines containing NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 are generated as a byproduct from solar salt production, desalination plants, tannery common effluent treatment plants, , textile industries, , etc. The current disposal methods for these saline streams include dilution and discarding into the water bodies, drying followed by landfilling, and open dumping to the wasteland.…”

Section: Asc Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…no antisolvent recovery all material (7) The SuperPro Designer databank (2023) provided the information for TEA, and the material flow analysis was conducted on Excel Spreadsheet (see Supporting Information). A plant life of 25 years with 330 days of yearly plant operation was assumed.…”

Section: = Materials Cost Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aqueous solutions containing calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, sulfate, and chloride as the significant ions are generated from seawater reverse osmosis plants, industrial effluents, , and common salt-harvesting activities. − The solubility curve for each salt significantly influences the choice of the crystallization process, that is, the way to achieve supersaturation. Earlier studies have shown the application of different crystallization methods including freeze crystallization, ,, cooling crystallization, and antisolvent crystallization for the recovery of sodium sulfate from aqueous solutions. Lozano developed a process to recover sodium sulfate crystals from bittern (aqueous solution of Na + , Mg 2+ , K + , SO 4 2– , and Cl – ) using methanol as the antisolvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Process Design Framework for Inorganic Salt Recovery Using Antisolvent Crystallization (ASC)

Sahu,

Gao,

Bhatti

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antisolvent crystallization (ASC) can be an alternative separation strategy over evaporative or cooling crystallization for selective salt recovery from aqueous salt mixtures. While a large amount of literature has been focused on phase equilibrium data generation, the implication of phase behavior on antisolvent selection and process performance has not been adequately discussed. This work aims to develop a methodical framework combining solubility behavior, phase balance, antisolvent selection, and solvent recovery to design sustainable ASC processes for the selective isolation of salts from aqueous solutions. The methodology was tested for the application of ASC to separate sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, as those mixtures generate as saline effluent from salt-harvesting activities. Technoeconomic feasibility, sustainability, and life cycle analysis of the proposed ASC process were performed to establish its potential toward commercialization. Several environmental impact categories were analyzed on the ASC process with antisolvent recovery, direct disposal, and incineration, comparing their performance and highlighting the overall sustainability. The presented process design framework will guide early feasibility studies considering ASC for inorganic salt separation and purification from saline effluents.

show abstract

Process integration and techno-economic assessment of crystallization techniques for Na2SO4 and NaCl recovery from saline effluents

Bhatti,

Sahu,

Masani

et al. 2024

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium-sulphate production from sulphate-rich bittern: A parametric study and economic evaluation

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for the Electrochemical Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Process: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for the Electrochemical Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Process: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale

Process Design Framework for Inorganic Salt Recovery Using Antisolvent Crystallization (ASC)

Process integration and techno-economic assessment of crystallization techniques for Na2SO4 and NaCl recovery from saline effluents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About