Sodium valproate effect on the structure of rat glandule thymus: Gender-related differences

Valančiūtė, Angelija; Mozūraitė, Raminta; Balnytė, Ingrida; Didžiapetrienė, Janina; Matusevičius, Paulius; Stakišaitis, Donatas

doi:10.1016/j.etp.2015.04.005

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Gender differences in the Hassall corpuscles development in gl. thymus were noted in castrated rats [ 32 ]. The GABA interaction with the channels may affect immune response, but the underlying mechanisms and relevance of GABA signaling in the immune system of tumorigenesis is still not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Valproate Enhances the Urethane-Induced Lung Adenomas and Suppresses Malignization of Adenomas in Ovariectomized Female Mice

Stakišaitis

Mozūraitė

Juodžiukynienė

et al. 2015

International Journal of Endocrinology

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In the present study, the possible effect of sodium valproate (NaVP) on urethane-induced lung tumors in female mice has been evaluated. BALB/c mice (n = 60; 4–6 weeks old, females) were used in the following groups: (1) urethane-treated; (2) urethane-NaVP-treated; (3) only NaVP-treated; (4) control. In the same groups, ovariectomized female mice (n = 60) were investigated. Urethane was given intraperitoneally, with a total dose of 50 mg/mouse. In NaVP-treated mice groups, 0.4% aqueous solution of NaVP was offered to mice ad libitum. The duration of the experiment was 6 months. The number of tumors per mouse in ovariectomized mice and in those treated with urethane and NaVP was significantly higher than in mice treated with urethane only (8.29 ± 0.58 versus 6.0 ± 0.63, p < 0.02). No significant difference in the number of tumors per mouse was revealed while comparing the nonovariectomized urethane- and urethane-NaVP-treated groups (p = 0.13). A significant decrease of adenocarcinoma number in ovariectomized mice treated with a urethane-NaVP as compared with ovariectomized mice treated with urethane only was found (p = 0.031). NaVP together with low estrogen may have a protective effect on the malignization of adenomas in ovariectomized mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Valproate Enhances the Urethane-Induced Lung Adenomas and Suppresses Malignization of Adenomas in Ovariectomized Female Mice

Stakišaitis

Mozūraitė

Juodžiukynienė

et al. 2015

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Tanaka et al described HCs in spontaneous thymoma of 10-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats, and they were evaluated as medullar differentiation areas [44]. Rat castration is related with the increased HCs in female and male thymus [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data are presented as the median per mm 2 of thymus medulla in each group. The methodology of the HCs histological examination was as described previously [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thymus could be a valuable model for investigating the effect of medicinal products on thymocyte proliferation. Following castration, hyperplasia of thymus and gender-related increase in the Hassall's corpuscles number (HCs) in thymus appear in rats [18]. HCs are related to the loss of apoptotic thymocytes and maturation of developing thymocytes [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-Related Effect of Sodium Dichloroacetate on the Number of Hassall’s Corpuscles and RNA NKCC1 Expression in Rat Thymus

Stanevičiūtė

Juknevičienė

Balnytė

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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The aim was to investigate the effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) on thymus weight, Hassall’s corpuscle number (HCs), and NKCC1 RNA expression in Wistar rats aged 4–5 weeks. They were investigated in the controls and DCA-treated gonad-intact and castrated males and females. The treatment lasted 4 weeks with DCA 200 mg/kg/day. At the end of the experiment, rat thymus was weighted, and its lobe was taken for the expression of NKCC1 RNA determined by the PCR method and of Hassall’s corpuscles by immunohistochemistry. DCA caused a thymus weight decrease in DCA-treated gonad-intact rats of both genders as compared with their controls (p < 0.05), and no such impact was found in castrated DCA-treated males and females. DCA caused an increase of the HCs in gonad-intact males (p < 0.05), and no such increase in the DCA-treated gonad-intact females was found. There was gender-related difference in the HCs when comparing DCA-treated gonad-intact males and females: males showed significantly higher HCs (p < 0.05); no gender-related differences were found in the castrated DCA-treated groups. The Slc12a2 gene RNA expression level was found to be significantly decreased only in gonad-intact and in castrated DCA-treated males. The authors discuss the gender-related DCA effects on the thymus.

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“… 19 , 20 Hepatocellular carcinoma, the fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, is mainly caused by the hepatitis B virus. 21 – 24 Thymic atrophy is accompanied with tumorigenesis which finally leads to the perturbed output of mature T cells in hosts, 25 – 29 which suggests that the tumor is one of the major factors resulting in thymic involution, 30 and tumor-induced immunosuppression is responsible for the failure of cancer therapy. 31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel mechanism of tumor-induced thymic atrophy in mice bearing H22 hepatocellular carcinoma

Sun

Feng

et al. 2018

CMAR

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BackgroundThymic atrophy was discovered in tumor-bearing mice in recent years.MethodsFlow cytometry was carried out including Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, PI staining, Terminal dUTP nick-end labeling, CD3-FITC/CD19-PE and CD8-FITC/CD4-PE double staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction were also investigated.ResultsAccording to our experiments, we demonstrated that no signs of apoptosis in thymocytes were found in H22-bearing mice, while the proportions of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in thymuses were remarkably increased, the opposite tendency was found in peripheral bloods, and only CD3+CD8+ T cells were discovered in H22 solid tumors. We further discovered that the level of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and the expression of Wnt4 in thymus of H22-bearing mice were significantly improved than control, which indicated the active proliferation and differentiation of thymocytes. Our study revealed that CD8+ T cells could not effectively eliminate H22 cells independently when CD4+ T cells were suppressed by tumors, while the body would only enhance the differentiation and maturation of T cells in thymuses and release them to solid tumor to reinforce antitumor immunocompetence, leading to a vicious cycle which finally led to thymic atrophy.ConclusionOur data propose a novel mechanism of tumor-induced thymic atrophy regulated by abnormal immunoreaction and may provide new ideas for the immunotherapy of tumors.

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Sodium valproate effect on the structure of rat glandule thymus: Gender-related differences

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Sodium Valproate Enhances the Urethane-Induced Lung Adenomas and Suppresses Malignization of Adenomas in Ovariectomized Female Mice

Sodium Valproate Enhances the Urethane-Induced Lung Adenomas and Suppresses Malignization of Adenomas in Ovariectomized Female Mice

Gender-Related Effect of Sodium Dichloroacetate on the Number of Hassall’s Corpuscles and RNA NKCC1 Expression in Rat Thymus

A novel mechanism of tumor-induced thymic atrophy in mice bearing H22 hepatocellular carcinoma

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