Soft armour design by angular stacking of shear thickening fluid impregnated high-performance fabrics for quasi-isotropic ballistic response

Arora, Sanchi; Majumdar, Abhijit; Butola, Bhupendra Singh

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111720

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The energy is distributed over increasing axes, and the post-impact shape is similar to a cone [ 3 , 77 , 78 ]. Figure 6 illustrates the four ways of orienting reinforcement layers.…”

Section: Hybrid Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Polymer Composites Used in the Arms Industry: A Review

et al. 2021

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Polymer fiber composites are increasingly being used in many industries, including the defense industry. However, for protective applications, in addition to high specific strength and stiffness, polymer composites are also required to have a high energy absorption capacity. To improve the performance of fiber-reinforced composites, many researchers have modified them using multiple methods, such as the introduction of nanofillers into the polymer matrix, the modification of fibers with nanofillers, the impregnation of fabrics using a shear thickening fluid (STF) or a shear thickening gel (STG), or a combination of these techniques. In addition, the physical structures of composites have been modified through reinforcement hybridization; the appropriate design of roving, weave, and cross-orientation of fabric layers; and the development of 3D structures. This review focuses on the effects of modifying composites on their impact energy absorption capacity and other mechanical properties. It highlights the technologies used and their effectiveness for the three main fiber types: glass, carbon, and aramid. In addition, basic design considerations related to fabric selection and orientation are indicated. Evaluation of the literature data showed that the highest energy absorption capacities are obtained by using an STF or STG and an appropriate fiber reinforcement structure, while modifications using nanomaterials allow other strength parameters to be improved, such as flexural strength, tensile strength, or shear strength.

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“…The energy is distributed over increasing axes, and the post-impact shape is similar to a cone [ 3 , 77 , 78 ]. Figure 6 illustrates the four ways of orienting reinforcement layers.…”

Section: Hybrid Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Polymer Composites Used in the Arms Industry: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…35 Besides, STF also acts as a matrix thereby causing better stress transfer from primary to secondary yarns, all of which facilitate absorption of impact energy. 36,37 However, most of the applications of STF on woven fabrics have revolved around the use of aramid woven fabrics as the base material 38–40. Besides, in most of the experimental and numerical studies, UHMWPE fibres have been used in UD laminate form 23–25 ,41,42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of fabric structure and shear thickening fluid impregnation in moderating the impact response of high-performance woven fabrics

Arora

Majumdar

Butola

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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The beneficial effect of STF impregnation in enhancing the impact resistance of high-performance fabrics has been extensively reported in the literature. However, this research work reports that fabric structure has a decisive role in moderating the effectiveness of STF impregnation in terms of impact energy absorption. Plain woven fabrics having sett varying from 25 × 25 inch−1 to 55 × 55 inch−1 were impregnated with STF at two different padding pressures to obtain different add-ons. The impact energy absorption by STF impregnated loosely woven fabrics was found to be higher than that of their neat counterparts for both levels of add-on, while opposite trend was observed in case of tightly woven fabrics. Further, comparison of tightly woven plain, 2/2 twill, 3/1 twill and 2 × 2 matt fabrics revealed beneficial effect of STF impregnation, except for the plain woven fabric, establishing that there exists a fabric structure-STF impregnation interplay that tunes the impact resistance of woven fabrics.

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“…Shear thickening fluids are used in many fields due to their unique properties mentioned above. Personal body armor [19][20][21], protective clothing [8,22,23], and their use as vibration dampers [24,25] are the most common uses of these fluids. Yarn pull-out, surface friction, impact, and ballistic test of STF impregnated high-performance fabrics will be our future studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Most Appropriate Rheological Model for Polyethylene Glycols and Fumed Silica Particle Mixtures

Yanen¹,

Aydoğmuş²,

Solmaz³

2020

MEJS

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Shear thickening fluids are smart materials that show a sudden increase in viscosity when exceeding critical shear rates. Different theories have been proposed to explain these properties of shear thickening. The most used of these theories are Order-Disorder Transition and Hydro-Cluster Theory. Due to their reversible properties, shear thickening fluids have been used in many areas. High molecular weight polyethylene glycols showed faster shear thickening fluids behavior. The molecular weight of polyethylene glycol affects many parameters. These parameters are physical bonds, aggregations of molecular, solid particle interactions, and functional groups in the chain. Due to their effect, rheological behaviors of low and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols differ. The mixtures of polyethylene glycols and fumed silica particles show a colloidal distribution. The distribution of fumed silica particle molecules in polyethylene glycol, interaction with each other restriction, and movement of the bulks have affected rheological properties. Physical interactions are manifested in the structure. The mixture showed non-Newtonian behavior in the first and second regions as well. Rheological behaviors of mixtures were compared with experimental data using non-Newtonian models. Power Law, Bingham, Casson, Herschel-Bulkley, and Sisko model equations were used. Silica particle-PEGs mixtures show pseudo plastic in the first region and dilatant fluid behavior in the second region. In the first region, the Power Law model was determined as the most suitable model for experimental data. In the second region, the Herschel-Bulkley model was found to be the most suitable model that was determined by statistical analysis.

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Soft armour design by angular stacking of shear thickening fluid impregnated high-performance fabrics for quasi-isotropic ballistic response

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

Hybrid Polymer Composites Used in the Arms Industry: A Review

Hybrid Polymer Composites Used in the Arms Industry: A Review

Interplay of fabric structure and shear thickening fluid impregnation in moderating the impact response of high-performance woven fabrics

Determination of the Most Appropriate Rheological Model for Polyethylene Glycols and Fumed Silica Particle Mixtures

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