Soft autonomous ingestible device for sampling the small-intestinal microbiome

Del-Rio-Ruiz, Ruben; Romualdo da Silva, Debora Regina; Suresh, Hasika; Creasey, Hannah; Asci, Cihan; dos Santos, Danilo M.; Sharma, Atul; Widmer, Giovanni; Sonkusale, Sameer

doi:10.1016/j.device.2024.100406

Device

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2024.100406

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Soft autonomous ingestible device for sampling the small-intestinal microbiome

Ruben Del-Rio-Ruiz,

Debora Regina Romualdo da Silva,

Hasika Suresh

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

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Ingestible Sensor Based on Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Thread for Localized Quantification of Escherichia Coli in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Khachornsakkul,

Del‐Rio‐Ruiz,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The small intestinal (SI) microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Current methods based on fecal analysis do not provide an accurate representation of the SI microbiome. This article introduces an ingestible sensor for the quantification of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the SI by developing the fluorescent thread‐based ingestible pill analytical device (TPAD) using fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Quantitative detection lies in the change in fluorescence signal on thread as proportional to target bacteria concentrations using a smartphone. Utilizing a pH‐sensitive enteric coating, this device facilitates localized sampling of the SI microbiome. Hydrophilic beads are employed to autonomously seal the device after sampling, offering a self‐locking mechanism. The sensor demonstrates a linear range for E. coli detection between 2.0 × 103 and 14.0 × 103 CFU mL−1 with an R2 of 0.9975 and a detection limit (LOD) of 400.0 × 102 CFU mL−1. The sensor also shows remarkable precision and acceptable accuracy for monitoring E. coli levels in in vivo animal studies compared to commercially available test kits. The developed TPAD, therefore, offers a novel, low‐cost, and non‐invasive method for rapidly diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI)‐related medical conditions and studying host–microbiome interactions.

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Ingestible Sensor Based on Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Thread for Localized Quantification of Escherichia Coli in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Khachornsakkul,

Del‐Rio‐Ruiz,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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A Real‐Time Imaging Sensing System to Visualize Elastomer Surface Profile Evolution for Dynamic Tactile Recognition

Zou,

Li,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Elastomer‐based interfaces provide rich functionalities for tactile sensing, particularly in making tiny differences in contact dynamics potentially detectable. However, the minimal motion‐induced changes in the elastomer's surface and their disappearance during time‐lapse limit the state recognition within the current scheme of motion recognition. In this work, a new scheme of real‐time motion mode recognition for subtle deformations is proposed, which uses an optical tactile sensing system to visualize and distinguish tiny variations in surface profile evolution encoded as images. Illustrating with a sphere, sliding‐induced asymmetric elastomer surface deformation is visualized as a “drag” in optical images. The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is used to analyze the evolution of surface contour features during the interaction between the sphere and the elastic medium. Motion state recognition is achieved with 80% accuracy when a displacement of only 8.3% of the sphere diameter is produced. In addition, the system also offers the potential to analyze dynamic motion information through a single image, with an accuracy of 82.7% for velocity recognition. This dynamic real‐time recognition framework for soft media deformation paves the way for novel motion‐based input commands for tactile sensing and human‐computer interaction applications.

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Magnetically Activated Ingestible Pill with Archimedes Screw for On‐Demand Sampling of Intestinal Microbiome

Sadeqi,

Del‐Rio‐Ruiz,

Rezaei Nejad

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Technologies capable of noninvasively sampling different locations in the gut upstream of the colon will enable new insights into the role of organ‐specific microbiomes on human health. Herein, an ingestible pill for the sampling of gut lumen based on one of the earliest hydraulic machines known as an Archimedes screw is reported. The design contains twisted wires as Archimedes screw driven by a motor, wirelessly activated using a magnet. The sampling performance of the screw‐pump pill is characterized using realistic in vitro models and validated in vitro using E. coli expressing different fluorescent proteins. The use of the Archimedes screw enables the pill to sample the dense GI environment. The pill is also tested ex vivo in the pig intestine and in vivo in pigs. Herein, the results show that the bacterial populations recovered from the pill's chamber closely resemble the targeted bacterial population of the microenvironment to which the pill is exposed. Such ingestible devices have the potential to revolutionize the understanding of the spatial diversity of the gut microbiome and its response to medical conditions and treatments.

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Soft autonomous ingestible device for sampling the small-intestinal microbiome

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Ingestible Sensor Based on Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Thread for Localized Quantification of Escherichia Coli in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Ingestible Sensor Based on Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Thread for Localized Quantification of Escherichia Coli in the Gastrointestinal Tract

A Real‐Time Imaging Sensing System to Visualize Elastomer Surface Profile Evolution for Dynamic Tactile Recognition

Magnetically Activated Ingestible Pill with Archimedes Screw for On‐Demand Sampling of Intestinal Microbiome

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