Soft, conformable electrical contacts for organic semiconductors: High-resolution plastic circuits by lamination

Loo, Yueh Lin; Someya, Takao; Baldwin, K. W.; Bao, Zhenan; Ho, Peter K. H.; Dodabalapur, Ananth; Katz, Howard E.; Rogers, John A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.162128299

Cited by 210 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Reproduced with permission. [125] Copyright 2002, National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. b) Images of ultrathin flexible Si-CMOS circuit with dual capsulation of PI and PDMS.…”

Section: Introduction Of Encapsulation/mechanical Neutral Planementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Analyses and Structural Design Requirements for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Mao

Meng

Ahmad

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

200

146

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degree of the entire electronic systems. In the integrated flexible electronic system, energy storage devices [14,[16][17][18][19][20] play important roles in connecting the preceding energy harvesting devices and the following energy utilization devices (Figure 1). Rechargeable secondary batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) are two typical energy storage devices. [21] Several excellent review papers [21][22][23][24][25][26] reported significant progresses achieved in flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and SCs by taking advantage of novel electrode materials, current collectors, and solid-state electrolytes. The application areas and lifetime of flexible power sources strongly depend on their mechanical deformation tolerance and the electrical property retention under deformation. Qualified flexible power sources should be able to endure high strain induced by external mechanical deformation, such as bending, compressing, stretching, folding, and twisting, while maintaining their electrochemical performance stability and structural integrity. Therefore, the mechanical reliability assessment and electrical property analysis of flexible devices need to be given much attention for future application.Tolerance in bending into a certain curvature is the major mechanical deformation characteristic of flexible energy storage devices. Thus far, several bending characterization parameters and various mechanical methods have been proposed to evaluate the quality and failure modes of the said devices by investigating their bending deformation status and received strain. Some of these mechanical metrologies were derived from the early research on flexible semiconductor devices of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) [27,28] and TFTs. [29] However, comparing those numerous measurement data with one another is difficult because of the various theories and methods adopted by different research groups and the lack of unified assessment criteria. [26] The flexibility of flexible devices is generally realized not only by use of intuitive soft electrode materials but also by optimizing their mechanical structural design. [25] Detailed analysis on bending mechanics combining experimental and theoretical results provide not only reliable test methods to describe the bending state but also guidance for configuration design of devices against mechanical failure.The current review emphasizes on three main points: (1) key parameters that characterize the bending level of flexible energy storage devices, such as bending radius, bending Flexible energy storage devices with excellent mechanical deformation performance are highly required to improve the integration degree of flexible electronics. Unlike those of traditional power sources, the mechanical reliability of flexible energy storage devices, including electrical performance retention and deformation endurance, has received much attention. To provide the guideline for the construction design of devices, the strain distribution and failure modes in the entire architecture should b...

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Section: Introduction Of Encapsulation/mechanical Neutral Planementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Analyses and Structural Design Requirements for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Mao

Meng

Ahmad

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

200

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition to control over the interface chemistries, we find that the kinetics of cold welding differ depending on the mechanical properties and geometries of the substrates. In all cases, lamination occurs without external pressure in a soft mode, in which the 'wetting' properties associated with low modulus elastomeric substrates 39 , and van der Waals forces 39,40 drive contact between multiple, thin, soft electronic components to establish contacts. Although previously demonstrated in the context of organic electronic devices 38,39 , this same strategy works well with inorganic stretchable systems, as illustrated in studies of basic test structures (Supplementary Figure S1a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal radio frequency electronics for wireless power transfer

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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Epidermal electronic systems feature physical properties that approximate those of the skin, to enable intimate, long-lived skin interfaces for physiological measurements, human-machine interfaces and other applications that cannot be addressed by wearable hardware that is commercially available today. A primary challenge is power supply; the physical bulk, large mass and high mechanical modulus associated with conventional battery technologies can hinder efforts to achieve epidermal characteristics, and near-field power transfer schemes offer only a limited operating distance. Here we introduce an epidermal, farfield radio frequency (RF) power harvester built using a modularized collection of ultrathin antennas, rectifiers and voltage doublers. These components, separately fabricated and tested, can be integrated together via methods involving soft contact lamination. Systematic studies of the individual components and the overall performance in various dielectric environments highlight the key operational features of these systems and strategies for their optimization. The results suggest robust capabilities for battery-free RF power, with relevance to many emerging epidermal technologies.

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“…This wire connected the cathode and the anode of a LED to two pairs of solder pads placed at the tips of each section, near the edge of the membrane; these solder pads were intended to provide electrical connectivity between LEDs placed on adjacent sections of the sheet. The solder features (wires and contact pads) were embedded within the PDMS membrane, with the wires close to the middle surface of the sheet that is not stretched when rolled into a cylindrical surface (29,30) (Fig. 6b).…”

Section: Estimation Of the Elastic And Magnetic Free Energy Of The Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic self-assembly of three-dimensional surfaces from planar sheets

Boncheva

Andreev

Mahadevan

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

108

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This report describes the spontaneous folding of flat elastomeric sheets, patterned with magnetic dipoles, into free-standing, 3D objects that are the topological equivalents of spherical shells. The path of the self-assembly is determined by a competition between mechanical and magnetic interactions. The potential of this strategy for the fabrication of 3D electronic devices is demonstrated by generating a simple electrical circuit surrounding a spherical cavity.folding ͉ microfabrication ͉ 3D structure ͉ soft lithography ͉ soft electronics T he strategies used to form 3D micro-and nanostructures in cells and by humans differ. Proteins, RNAs, and their aggregates, the most complex, 3D molecular structures in nature, form by the spontaneous folding of linear precursors (1). The ubiquity of this strategy reflects the efficiency with which the cell synthesizes linear precursors by sequential formation of covalent bonds. Microelectronic devices, the most complex 3D structures generated by humans, are fabricated by stacking and connecting planar layers (2). This strategy is dictated by the availability of highly developed methods for parallel microfabrication in 2D and the absence of effective, general methods for fabrication in 3D (3).Folding of connected, 2D plates [using robotics (4) or spontaneous folding (5-9)] can yield 3D microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microelectronic devices. We (10, 11) and others (4, 12) have explored a number of routes to small 3D shapes based on self-assembly. These strategies are still early in their development.Here, we explore a new strategy for formation of 3D objects that combines the advantages of planar microfabrication with those of 3D self-assembly. Our approach comprises four steps (Fig. 1a): (i) cutting the 3D surface of interest into connected sections that ''almost'' unfold into a plane (unpeeling a sphere as one unpeels an orange is an example); (ii) flattening this surface and projecting it onto a plane; (iii) fabricating the planar projection in the form of an elastomeric membrane patterned with magnetic dipoles; and (iv) allowing this patterned membrane to fold into an ''almost-correct'' 3D shape by self-assembly. This strategy offers the potential to transform easily patterned, functionalized planar sheets into 3D structures and devices. It also raises the problem of designing and generating stable 3D structures by decomposing and projecting these structures into 2D shapes and then balancing the shapes of 2D cuts, the placement of magnetic dipoles, and the mechanical characteristics of the membrane.Converting sheets into 3D objects by folding and creasing is a very old, remarkably interesting, and still incompletely resolved problem in applied mathematics (13-16). The inverse problemmapping the surface of a 3D shape (specifically, the surface of the Earth) onto a flat sheet-has been at the core of cartography since the times of Frisius (1508Frisius ( -1555 and Mercator (1512Mercator ( -1594. Although it is known that a flat, inextensible surface cannot fold i...

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Soft, conformable electrical contacts for organic semiconductors: High-resolution plastic circuits by lamination

Cited by 210 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanical Analyses and Structural Design Requirements for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Mechanical Analyses and Structural Design Requirements for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

Epidermal radio frequency electronics for wireless power transfer

Magnetic self-assembly of three-dimensional surfaces from planar sheets

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