Soft Elastomeric Capacitor Network for Strain Sensing Over Large Surfaces

Laflamme, Simon; Saleem, Hussam; Vasan, Bharath K; Geiger, R.L.; Chen, Degang; Kessler, Michael R.; Rajan, Krishna

doi:10.1109/tmech.2013.2283365

Cited by 90 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Carbon-based electrodes are usually fabricated from carbon black, graphite [39], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [34] and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) [1,40] as loose particles or mixed with the matrix to form a viscous media (carbon grease) [11] or mixed into an elastomer (conductive elastomer) [41]. Goulbourne's experiments showed that the performance of carbon grease was better than that of graphite power, graphite spray or silver grease [42].…”

Section: Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Laflamme et al [41,47] reported on a soft, large surface area capacitor network employed in structural health monitoring that was composed of carbon black dispersed in poly-styrene-co-ethyleneco-butyleneco-styrene (SEBS) solution. Experimental testing demonstrated the improved robustness and stable capacitance of the device after it was cut or punched [47].…”

Section: Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric Elastomer Sensors

Ni¹,

Zhang²

2017

Elastomers

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Dielectric elastomers (DEs) represent a class of electroactive polymers (EAPs) that exhibit a significant electromechanical effect, which has made them very attractive over the last several decades for use as soft actuators, sensors and generators. Based on the principle of a plane-parallel capacitor, dielectric elastomer sensors consist of a flexible and stretchable dielectric polymer sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. With the development of elastic polymers and stretchable conductors, flexible and sensitive dielectric elastomer tactile sensors, similar to human skin, have been used for measuring mechanical deformations, such as pressure, strain, shear and torsion. For high sensitivity and fast response, air gaps and microstructural dielectric layers are employed in pressure sensors or multiaxial force sensors. Multimodal dielectric elastomer sensors have been reported that can detect mechanical deformation but can also sense temperature, humidity, as well as chemical and biological stimulation in human-activity monitoring and personal healthcare. Hence, dielectric elastomer sensors have great potential for applications in soft robotics, wearable devices, medical diagnostic and structural health monitoring, because of their large deformation, low cost, ease of fabrication and ease of integration into monitored structures.

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Section: Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Elastomer Sensors

Ni¹,

Zhang²

2017

Elastomers

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“…The bio-based SEC has been developed as a possible replacement to a petroleum-based SEC previously developed by Laflamme et al (Laflamme, 2012), (Laflamme, 2013), fabricated from a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) matrix. It was shown that such sensor combines the advantages of large area applications, flexibility, and robustness, which result in high scalability (Laflamme, 2012), (Laflamme, 2013).…”

Section: Proposed Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that such sensor combines the advantages of large area applications, flexibility, and robustness, which result in high scalability (Laflamme, 2012), (Laflamme, 2013). …”

Section: Proposed Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based soft elastomeric capacitor for structural health monitoring applications

Kharroub

Laflamme

Madbouly

et al. 2014

Structural Health Monitoring

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Recent advances in flexible electronics have enabled the development of large-area electronics, which are typically fabricated from petroleum-based polymers. With the rapidly growing market of flexible electronics and sensors, there is a pressure to move toward environmentally friendly products. In this article, a bio-based polyurethane soft elastomeric capacitor for structural health monitoring applications is presented. The sensor’s dielectric is fabricated using castor oil–based waterborne polyurethane, mixed with titanium dioxide, which replaces petroleum-based dielectric materials (e.g. styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) previously used by the authors. A critical advantage of the proposed castor oil–based polyurethane over styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene is the environmentally friendly nature of the bio-based polymer and water-based fabrication process of the dielectric that limits the use of solvents. Static characterization demonstrates the linearity of the sensor and its ability to transduce local strain of large surfaces into change in capacitance. Material test results show good physical and chemical properties, despite a decay of the dielectric that occurs after the first 16 days of fabrication.

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“…The reactance-to-frequency conversion has become in recent years increasingly popular in a large variety of applications that are designed, for instance, for the measurement of a number of physical measurands, such as mechanical displacement, nanopositioning, eccentric motion, strain sensing [1][2][3], dielectric properties and density of liquids, small volumes or levels, pressure, flow, etc. Reactance-to-frequency conversion is also used in accelerometers, gyroscopes, and biosensors in medical and chemistry measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Dual Quartz Reactance-to-Frequency Transducer

Matko¹

2017

J Nanosci Adv Tech

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A new high sensitivity temperature-compensated reactanceto-frequency transducer with two quartz crystals oscillating in the switching oscillating circuit is presented. The novelty of this method lies in the switching-mode converter bringing a considerable reduction of the temperature influence of AT-cut crystal (the crystal's x axis is inclined by 35°15' from the z (optic) axis) frequency change in the temperature range between 10−50 °C and in the use of additionally connected sensing reactance in parallel to the shunt capacitances of the two quartzes. The oscillator switching method and parallel switching reactances connected to the quartz crystals do not only compensate crystals' natural temperature characteristics but also any other influences on the crystals such as ageing of both the crystals and other oscillating circuit elements. In addition, the method also improves reactance-to-frequency sensitivity, linearity and reduces the output frequency measurement error. The experimental results show that through high temperature compensation improvement of the quartz crystals' characteristics, this switching method theoretically enables a 100 zF resolution. It converts capacitance in the range 4−8 pF to frequency in the range 2−100 kHz.

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Soft Elastomeric Capacitor Network for Strain Sensing Over Large Surfaces

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Dielectric Elastomer Sensors

Dielectric Elastomer Sensors

Bio-based soft elastomeric capacitor for structural health monitoring applications

Highly Sensitive Dual Quartz Reactance-to-Frequency Transducer

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