Soft electrochemical bubble actuator with liquid metal electrode using an embodied hydrogel pneumatic source

Abstract

Soft pneumatic actuators—such as those used for soft robotics—achieve actuation by inflation of pneumatic chambers. Here, we report the use of electrochemical reduction of water to generate gaseous products that...

Personalized Medical Devices Connect Monitoring and Assistance: Emerging Wearable Soft Robotics

“…Generally, the weight of the fluid is relatively light, but it can bring a large strain force and can support a large range of state changes. 50 This is what smart material actuation cannot do at present. As shown in Figure 4a, Zhu et al arranged and fixed hollow elastic hoses that can make the fluid flow on the textile sheet in a certain order to produce a flexible actuator with a light composite structure.…”

“…At present, most lightweight soft robotics are driven by fluid. Generally, the weight of the fluid is relatively light, but it can bring a large strain force and can support a large range of state changes . This is what smart material actuation cannot do at present.…”

Towards high performance and durable soft tactile actuators

“…Additionally, soft portable pumps have utilized electrochemical reduction of water to generate hydrogen gas for inflating SPAs. 162 These advancements in soft portable pumps hold promise to miniaturize SPA-based tactile systems and enhance their wearability in various applications.…”

Liquid metal–hydrogel composites for flexible electronics

“…184–187 LM–hydrogel composites can respond to these stimuli and produce reversible deformations such as bending, folding, and twisting, showing promising applications in the field of soft actuators. 188–190…”

“…[184][185][186][187] LM-hydrogel composites can respond to these stimuli and produce reversible deformations such as bending, folding, and twisting, showing promising applications in the field of soft actuators. [188][189][190] There are two methods used to achieve complex motions in actuators: (1) applying external inhomogeneous stimuli and (2) designing internal anisotropic structures. 191 Due to the difficulty in precisely applying uneven external stimuli to actuators, the fabrication of anisotropic structures has become increasingly popular to achieve complex deformations.…”