Soft electromagnetic actuators

Mao, Guoyong; Drack, Michael; Karami-Mosammam, Mahya; Wirthl, Daniela; Stockinger, Thomas; Schwödiauer, Reinhard; Kaltenbrunner, Martin

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc0251

Cited by 145 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Given the universal applications of integrated circuits at the single nanoscale, an electric-driven device can be considered as another type of powerful microactuator that has huge potential for miniaturization [ 110 ]. Conventionally, electrical-driven components are based on rigid devices (e.g., coil-based electromotors and piezoelectric actuators), which hinders the miniaturization of electrical actuators [ 111 ].…”

Section: Stimulus Methods Of Microactuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review

et al. 2021

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Microactuators, which can transform external stimuli into mechanical motion at microscale, have attracted extensive attention because they can be used to construct microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and/or microrobots, resulting in extensive applications in a large number of fields such as noninvasive surgery, targeted delivery, and biomedical machines. In contrast to classical 2D MEMS devices, 3D microactuators provide a new platform for the research of stimuli-responsive functional devices. However, traditional planar processing techniques based on photolithography are inadequate in the construction of 3D microstructures. To solve this issue, researchers have proposed many strategies, among which 3D laser printing is becoming a prospective technique to create smart devices at the microscale because of its versatility, adjustability, and flexibility. Here, we review the recent progress in stimulus-responsive 3D microactuators fabricated with 3D laser printing depending on different stimuli. Then, an outlook of the design, fabrication, control, and applications of 3D laser-printed microactuators is propounded with the goal of providing a reference for related research.

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Section: Stimulus Methods Of Microactuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The second is that the electrified conductor is deformed by Lorentz force in the external magnetic field, which is expressed as follows [138]:…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Actuators: An Overview

Chen¹,

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric or accessories, or tattoos directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people's everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of the recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators.

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“…[ 100 ] Visell and coworkers made a long and hollow filament of Ecoflex 0030 silicone filled with a eutectic alloy of gallium and indium (EGaIn) and then rolled the electrically conductive wire into a coil form to fabricate a soft gripper (Figure 2i). [ 34 ] Ha and coworkers, Liu and coworkers, and Kaltenbrunner and coworkers independently fabricated a planar film of encapsulated liquid metal coils to demonstrate a loudspeaker, [ 101 ] gripper, [ 102 ] and flipper, [ 103 ] respectively.…”

Section: Materials: Classification and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically Controlled Soft Robotics Utilizing Elastomers and Gels in Actuation: A Review

Chung

Parsons

Zheng

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

114

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A magnetic field has unique advantages in controlling soft robotics inside of an enclosed space, such as surgical catheters or untethered drug‐delivering robots operating in the human body. Soft actuators, made of elastomers and gels functionalized with magnetically active materials, are natural choices to drive magnetically controlled motions of soft robots. Recent innovations in soft material technologies, including 3D printing, origami/kirigami, tough hydrogels, mechanical metamaterials, and liquid metal‐injected elastomers, offer technological foundations to develop soft actuators and robots with significantly enhanced performance. Herein, an overview of magnetic soft actuators and robots from a materials engineer's perspective is provided. First, the historical background and recent trends of magnetic soft actuators are discussed. Second, the motions of tethered or untethered magnetic soft robotics are classified into aquatic swimmers, terrestrial locomotors, and grippers. Herein, preprogrammed motion under patterned magnetic stimuli is achieved by controlled magnetization of elastomeric materials containing hard magnetic particles. Finally, the applications of magnetically controlled soft robotics in surgical and therapeutic medical devices are discussed.

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Soft electromagnetic actuators

Cited by 145 publications

References 31 publications

Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review

Tethered and Untethered 3D Microactuators Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization: A Review

Wearable Actuators: An Overview

Magnetically Controlled Soft Robotics Utilizing Elastomers and Gels in Actuation: A Review

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