Soft Matter Physics

Doi, Masao

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199652952.001.0001

Cited by 503 publications

(453 citation statements)

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“…1, we treat only a half of the system, z40. The ionic groups of polyelectrolyte gels are essentially immobile (and thus are treated as uniform fixed charges), and, in contrast, their counterions freely diffuse in the entire volume of the system; our model thus extends the treatments of these ions that have been developed in soft matter physics [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] to electrochemical systems. Analogous models are used to treat electrolyzers [13][14][15]24,25 and fuel cells [26][27][28] that use polymer electrolyte membranes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This prediction is experimentally accessible by systematically changing the density n f of the ionic groups of polyelectrolyte gels and fixing the rescaled thicknesses k f L of the polyelectrolyte gels to a constant value. We note that the diffusion constant D hyd of hydrogen and hydroxide ions may depend on the density n f of the ionic groups of polyelectrolyte gels for the cases in which this density is very large (see also Methods) 22 . Third, reverse currents scale as the inverse of square of the thickness L of PGDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical mechanism of ion current rectification of polyelectrolyte gel diodes

Yamamoto

Doi

2014

Nat Commun

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Polyelectrolyte gel diodes that are double layers of two oppositely charged polyelectrolyte gels, sandwiched by two symmetric electrodes, are emergent ionic devices. These diodes are designed to rectify ion currents with a physical mechanism that is analogous to conventional semiconductor diodes-the asymmetry in the permeability of ions across the interfaces between the two oppositely charged gels. Here we show that polyelectrolyte gel diodes indeed rectify steady currents with a physical mechanism that is very different from conventional diodes by using a simple electrochemical model; electric currents are limited by electrochemical reactions that are driven by potential drops at electrodes and these potential drops markedly change with changing the direction of applied voltages due to the redistribution of non-reactive counterions, leading to rectified ion currents. This concept is relatively generic and thus may provide insight in the physics of analogous ionic and biomimetic systems that show electrochemical reactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical mechanism of ion current rectification of polyelectrolyte gel diodes

Yamamoto

Doi

2014

Nat Commun

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“…Solvent in channels further evaporates, and snap-buckling takes place as the legs snap back to the original shape via de-swelling. This rapid motion produces enough thrust for the gel to jump out of the frame (7), landing outside the initial view field (8). Cross mark indicates the initial position of the device.…”

Section: Reproducing Positioning and Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in keeping with the biomimetic theme of this review, the materials focused on here will be 'soft' actuators-soft materials capable of changing their shape in response to stimuli. Soft materials are usefully characterised by Doi as having fundamental 'building blocks' on the order of 10-10,000 Å and thus having relatively slow response times between 1 and 10 4 s , a high response to stimuli that necessitates non-linear description and being easily driven out of equilibrium [8]. The subsection of soft materials that behave as actuators, capable of moving themselves or their surroundings, forms the topic of this review.…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphing in nature and beyond: a review of natural and synthetic shape-changing materials and mechanisms

2016

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Shape-changing materials open an entirely new solution space for a wide range of disciplines: from architecture that responds to the environment and medical devices that unpack inside the body, to passive sensors and novel robotic actuators. While synthetic shape-changing materials are still in their infancy, studies of biological morphing materials have revealed key paradigms and features which underlie efficient natural shape-change. Here, we review some of these insights and how they have been, or may be, translated to artificial solutions. We focus on soft matter due to its prevalence in nature, compatibility with users and potential for novel design. Initially, we review examples of natural shape-changing materials-skeletal muscle, tendons and plant tissues-and compare with synthetic examples with similar methods of operation. Stimuli to motion are outlined in general principle, with examples of their use and potential in manufactured systems. Anisotropy is identified as a crucial element in directing shape-change to fulfil designed tasks, and some manufacturing routes to its achievement are highlighted. We conclude with potential directions for future work, including the simultaneous development of materials and manufacturing techniques and the hierarchical combination of effects at multiple length scales.

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“…This term, however, plays an essential role when we calculate the phase diagrams within equilibrium thermodynamics. In general, the translational entropy term should be given by φ log φ+(1−φ) log(1−φ) [21,30], and the first term in Eq. (2) corresponds to its lowest order expansion in terms of small φ ≪ 1.…”

Section: Lamellar Phases In Binary Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistences of lamellar phases in ternary surfactant solutions

et al. 2017

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We theoretically investigate the coexistences of lamellar phases both in binary and ternary surfactant solutions. The previous free energy of a lamellar stack is extended to take into account the translational entropy of membrane segments. The obtained phase diagram for binary surfactant solutions (surfactant/water mixtures) shows a phase separation between two lamellar phases and also exhibits a critical point. For lamellar phases in ternary surfactant solutions (surfactant/surfactant/water mixtures), we explore possible phase behaviors and show that the phase diagrams exhibit various three-phase regions as well as two-phase regions in which different lamellar phases coexist. We also find that finite surface tension suppresses undulation fluctuations of membranes and leads to a wider three-phase and two-phase coexistence regions.

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Soft Matter Physics

Cited by 503 publications

References 0 publications

Electrochemical mechanism of ion current rectification of polyelectrolyte gel diodes

Electrochemical mechanism of ion current rectification of polyelectrolyte gel diodes

Morphing in nature and beyond: a review of natural and synthetic shape-changing materials and mechanisms

Coexistences of lamellar phases in ternary surfactant solutions

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