Soft Mechanical Sensors Through Reverse Actuation in Polypyrrole

Wu, Yanzhe; Alici, Gürsel; Madden, John D. W.; Spinks, Geoffrey M.; Wallace, Gordon G.

doi:10.1002/adfm.200700060

Cited by 102 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

105

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the strain at the fixed end of the sensor, x = 0. The effective modulus of elasticity E = σ/ε of the cantilever polymer sensor can be estimated using (12) and (14). For the experimental results in Fig.…”

Section: Estimation Of Sensor Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work most relevant to this study includes that of Takashima et al [15] and Wu et al [13], [14]. Takashima et al [15] reported on the mechanically induced current observed in polyaniline films under a tensile load, without considering the effect of dopant ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The induced charge is proportional to the axial stress applied to the film. Wu et al [14] have investigated the same type of PPy trilayer sensor described in this paper. The polarity and magnitude of the voltage generated under a mechanical input depend on the size of dopant ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to modeling and understanding their behaviors in order to improve their performance so that they can be reliable actuators for practical applications [1]- [12]. Recently, the reverse actuation response of these laminate structures has been reported [13], [14]. In this arrangement, a bending displacement induces a voltage difference between the conducting polymer electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Response Characterization of Electroactive Polymers as Mechanical Sensors

Alici

Spinks

Madden

et al. 2008

IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The characterization of the dynamic response (including transfer function identification) of trilayer polypyrrole (PPy) type conducting polymer sensors is presented. The sensor was built like a cantilever beam with the free end stimulated through a mechanical lever system, which provided displacement inputs. The voltage generated and current passing between the two outer PPy layers as a result of the input was measured to model the output/input behavior of the sensors based on their experimental current/displacement and voltage/displacement frequency responses. We specifically targeted the low-frequency behavior of the sensor as it is a relatively slow system. Experimental transfer function models were generated and verified experimentally for sensors with different dimensions. The models can be used to understand the dynamic behavior and sensing ability of the polymers as mechanical sensors. The effect of the active sensor length on the voltage and current outputs has demonstrated that the shorter is the sensor length, the higher are the voltage output and the current passed for the same mechanical input. Also, their current and voltage responses under an impulse displacement stimulus were experimentally measured to show their dynamic sensing response and to estimate the current and voltage sensing bandwidths. Further, an energy balance method has been proposed to estimate the sensor output. Based on the novel experimental and analytical results, the contribution of this study is the first comprehensive investigation into the response analysis and characterization of the PPy-type conducting polymers as mechanical sensors, to the best of authors' knowledge.

show abstract

Section: Estimation Of Sensor Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Response Characterization of Electroactive Polymers as Mechanical Sensors

Alici

Spinks

Madden

et al. 2008

IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the experiments of Wu et al (5) and Alici et al (6) , the electricity of the conducting polymer sensor is induced during transient responses. However, the simulation model for the transient behaviors has not been established until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Sensors Using Conducting Polymers

Yoo

Toi

2013

JMMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study newly attempts the numerical simulation of the mechanical sensors using conducting polymers which generate electricity in the transient response to mechanical stimulation. The generated electric potential in the mechanical sensors is very much smaller than the supplied electric potential of the actuators with respect to the same deformation and structure. The present simulation procedure modifies and integrates the existing theories, and then the features of the transient behaviors, e.g. the non-invertible relation between electrical potential and deformation, relaxation and hysteresis, are numerically simulated. The governing equations of the physical phenomena in the sensation are coupled by embedding driving forces with physical parameters such as solid stress, fluid pressure, ion concentration and electric potential. The governing equations and fields of the physical parameters are spatially simplified as one-dimensional in the thickness direction of the sensors, because their variations over thickness dominantly determine the behavior of the sensor. In addition, the numerical procedure is efficiently simplified as possible as the transient behaviors are expressed. Next, the undrained Poisson's ratio is modified with a correction factor, and its significant effect on the transient behavior is investigated. Lastly, the procedure of the computational system for the sensors is introduced and fully coupled simulation is conducted. As a result, the present study reports the simulation results of the important physical quantities over the microscale thickness.

show abstract

Optical Microscopy (Polarized, Interference, and Phase‐Contrast Microscopy) and Confocal Microscopy

Ramanathan

Darling

2014

Characterization of Polymer Blends

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soft Mechanical Sensors Through Reverse Actuation in Polypyrrole

Cited by 102 publications

References 25 publications

Response Characterization of Electroactive Polymers as Mechanical Sensors

Response Characterization of Electroactive Polymers as Mechanical Sensors

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Sensors Using Conducting Polymers

Optical Microscopy (Polarized, Interference, and Phase‐Contrast Microscopy) and Confocal Microscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About