Soft particle radiation at an altitude of 320 km in the latitudes near the equator

Savenko, I. A.; Shavrin, P. I.; Pisarenko, N. F.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(63)90270-8

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to astrophysical measurements, ionospheric and atmospheric studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and satellite data failures studies (e.g., [18,19]) also found several effects suggesting that electron impact is important factor at low and middle latitudes. That is, more importantly, the occasional electron flux increases below the radiation belt were discovered even earlier in direct satellite-borne measurements [20,21] and then corroborated in several studies [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

Suvorova

Дмитриев

Huang

2014

Journal of Astrophysics

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The work concerns a problem of electron-induced contaminant at relatively low latitudes to high-energy astrophysical measurements on board the low-orbiting satellites. We show the results of a statistical analysis of the energetic electron enhancements in energy range 30-300 keV observed by a fleet of NOAA/POES low-orbiting satellites over the time period from 1999 to 2012. We demonstrate geographical distributions of great and moderate long-lasting enhancements caused by different type of the solar wind drivers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

Suvorova

Дмитриев

Huang

2014

Journal of Astrophysics

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“…The flux increase was approximately~100 times greater than the quiet level and 10 times greater than the flux within the SAA. Such features were observed at a~240 km height over the Indochina and Pacific regions and located below the edge of the IRB at an L~1.16 (i.e., coinciding with the areas revealed by Savenko et al [1962]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…On the other hand, from the second spaceship experiment, Savenko et al . [] found sporadic events with unusually large fluxes of ~10 keV electrons within the equatorial ionospheric F region at ~320 km outside of the SAA, in the region between 150°E and 150°W longitude. Electron fluxes were comparable to those in the radiation belts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such features were observed at a ~240 km height over the Indochina and Pacific regions and located below the edge of the IRB at an L ~ 1.16 (i.e., coinciding with the areas revealed by Savenko et al . []).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evans [] first reported dramatic enhancements of quasi‐trapped energetic electron fluxes at an ~850 km in response to large magnetic storms; thereafter, other studies also determined intense fluxes at low‐altitudes near the equator [ Tanaka et al ., ; Pinto et al ., ; Gusev et al ., ; Asikainen and Mursula , ; Suvorova et al ., ]. The observed phenomena favor continued confidence in past observations within lower energy ranges and for lower altitudes [ Krasovskii et al ., ; Savenko et al ., ; Knudsen , ; Heikkila , ; Goldberg , ; Lieu et al ., ]. However, the phenomena have not been completely investigated, and we still have no explanation for the appearance of quasi‐trapped electrons at such low L‐values (<1.2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TEC evidence for near‐equatorial energy deposition by 30 keV electrons in the topside ionosphere

et al. 2013

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[1] Observations of energetic electrons (10 -300 keV) by NOAA/POES and DMSP satellites at heights <1000 km during the period from 1999 to 2010 allowed finding abnormal intense fluxes of~10 6 -10 7 cm À2 s À1 sr À1 for quasi-trapped electrons appearing within the forbidden zone of low latitudes over the African, Indo-China, and Pacific regions. Extreme fluxes appeared often in the early morning and persisted for several hours during the maximum and recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. We analyzed nine storm time events when extreme electron fluxes first appeared in the Eastern Hemisphere, then drifted further eastward toward the South-Atlantic Anomaly. Using the electron spectra, we estimated the possible ionization effect produced by quasi-trapped electrons in the topside ionosphere. The estimated ionization was found to be large enough to satisfy observed storm time increases in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) determined for the same spatial and temporal ranges from global ionospheric maps. Additionally, extreme fluxes of quasi-trapped electrons were accompanied by the significant elevation of the low-latitude F-layer obtained from COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation measurements. We suggest that the storm time ExB drift of energetic electrons from the inner radiation belt is an important driver of positive ionospheric storms within low-latitude and equatorial regions.

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Theory of formation of the ionosphere

Yonezawa¹

1966

Space Sci Rev

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Current knowledge about the solar radiation and absorption and ionization cross sections of atmospheric gases is reviewed. Next the main observed features of ionospheric layers are summarized. Using CIRA 1965 model atmospheres the heights of the peak of the ionization rate are calculated for a number of solar emission lines and it is made clear which of these lines are responsible for the formation of E and FI layers. The mechanism of electron removal in the F and upper E regions as well as in the lower regions is considered, and the mechanism of formation and some behaviours of each ionospheric layer is discussed. In particular, the equatorial 1=2 layer is briefly considered. Discrepancies are pointed out between the values of the recombination coefficient and the rate constant for ion-atom interchange reaction obtained frmn ionospheric observations and from laboratory experiments. Inconsistency of the values of the intensity of solar radiation measured by rocket techniques and inferred from ionospheric considerations is also noted. Some evidence is presented suggesting that corpuscular radiation may be responsible for part of the ionization in the ionosphere even in temperate latitudes.

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Soft particle radiation at an altitude of 320 km in the latitudes near the equator

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

Energetic Electron Enhancements below the Radiation Belt and X-Ray Contamination at Low-Orbiting Satellites

TEC evidence for near‐equatorial energy deposition by 30 keV electrons in the topside ionosphere

Theory of formation of the ionosphere

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