“…All pertinent studies showed that stiffness increased alongside jamming actuation pressure for granular, layer and hybrid jamming. This was across load vs. displacement [8,15,16,26,37,38,40,42,[44][45][46][47]56,57,65], bending angle [6,21,25,31,38], applied moment [15,16,21,26,38,44,57] and rotational stiffness tests [21,25,30,31]. Studies commonly positioned beam, cylindrical, and finger actuators as cantilever beams [8,9,15,26,32,38,46,47,58].…”