Soft Robots: Fast‐Response, Stiffness‐Tunable Soft Actuator by Hybrid Multimaterial 3D Printing (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2019)

Zhang, Ningbin; Hingorani, Hardik; Ding, Ningyuan; Wang, Dong; Yuan, Chao; Zhang, Biao; Gu, Guoying; Ge, Qi

doi:10.1002/adfm.201970098

Cited by 58 publications

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“…[ 205,206 ] Such materials have been demonstrated to mimic the movement of a diverse range of living organisms, with promise for a wide range of potential applications in soft robotics, [ 206 ] artificial muscles, [ 207 ] 3D cell culture, [ 187,208 ] and drug or cell delivery devices. [ 209 ] 3D printing of shape changing polymers, also termed 4D printing, [ 16,210–217 ] is an emerging technology with a great capacity for fabricating complex 3D structures, providing great potential for a wide range of applications. Various shape changing polymers including hydrogels, [ 98,99,111,117,118,188–201,203–220 ] shape memory polymers, [ 153,221–227 ] liquid crystal elastomers, [ 228–233 ] and silicone‐based elastomers [ 234–237 ] have been demonstrated to undergo 4D printing.…”

Section: Retaining Materials Properties Of Printed Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

et al. 2020

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3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and aerospace. The flexibility in design provided by this technique offers many opportunities for manufacturing sophisticated 3D devices. The most widely utilized method is an extrusion‐based solid‐freeform fabrication approach, which is an extremely attractive additive manufacturing technology in both academic and industrial research communities. This method is versatile, with the ability to print a range of dimensions, multimaterial, and multifunctional 3D structures. It is also a very affordable technique in prototyping. However, the lack of variety in printable polymers with advanced material properties becomes the main bottleneck in further development of this technology. Herein, a comprehensive review is provided, focusing on material design strategies to achieve or enhance the 3D printability of a range of polymers including thermoplastics, thermosets, hydrogels, and other polymers by extrusion techniques. Moreover, diverse advanced properties exhibited by such printed polymers, such as mechanical strength, conductance, self‐healing, as well as other integrated properties are highlighted. Lastly, the stimuli responsiveness of the 3D printed polymeric materials including shape morphing, degradability, and color changing is also discussed.

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Section: Retaining Materials Properties Of Printed Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

et al. 2020

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“…3D architecture control in functional devices has opened up unprecedented opportunities beyond those offered by their 2D counterparts . Among various options, 3D printing stands out in their freedom to manipulate geometric shapes in an almost unlimited fashion .…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid Open‐Air Digital Light 3D Printing of Thermoplastic Polymer

et al. 2019

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printing is, however, limited by various factors, with printing speed and material versatility being the most decisive. From the standpoint of printing speed, layerwise printing by digital light processing (DLP) offers significant inherent advantage over point-wise printing by most other methods such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). [20] Further innovations on DLP such as continuous building in the z-dimension allow achieving a printing speed far exceeding any other methods. [21][22][23] Recent attempt on direct forming 3D object in a volumetric fashion forgoes even the layer-wise printing, but the technique has yet to evolve into the mainstream. [24,25] Generally, DLP employs light curable liquid resins. Upon digital light exposure, the resin cross-links and forms a thermoset polymer that ensures its separation from the surrounding liquid precursors. This rapid liquid-solid separation is the key enabling characteristic for DLP. Although cross-linking ensures such, the resulting thermoset polymers cannot be reprocessed. This prohibits its broader utility in situations that require further processing of the printed materials. In principle, this limitation can be overcome if the DLP processing can be extended to reprocessable thermoplastic polymers. Although light curable thermoplastic polymers are known, meeting the unique DLP requirement for rapid separation between the liquid monomer and the un-crosslinked polymer is not straightforward because of their intrinsic good miscibility. Hereafter, we describe our successful attempt in DLP printing of a thermoplastic polymer and lay out key enabling factors for such a process. We further illustrate that the water dissolvable nature of the resulting polymer is advantageous in making various multifunctional 3D structures. We find that the oxygen naturally present in ambient air can inhibit the light curing process. This effect can be utilized to achieve rapid open-air printing without the complex interfacial engineering typically required for fast DLP printing methods. [21][22][23] We hypothesize that two key factors should be carefully considered for DLP printing of thermoplastic polymers (Figure 1a). Herein, two concurrent and competing processes occur: 1) the polymerization and 2) the diffusion/dissolution of the polymer into the surrounding uncured liquid monomer. Rapid liquidsolid separation is possible only if the first process dominates 3D printing has witnessed a new era in which highly complexed customized products become reality. Realizing its ultimate potential requires simultaneous attainment of both printing speed and product versatility. Among various printing techniques, digital light processing (DLP) stands out in its high speed but is limited to intractable light curable thermosets. Thermoplastic polymers, despite their reprocessibility that allows more options for further manipulation, are restricted to intrinsically slow printing methods such as fused deposition modeling. Extending DLP to thermoplastics is highly desirabl...

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“…The HLM fabrication platform's capacity to simultaneously direct complex 3D structures, bacterial functions, and material property distributions enables unprecedented control of functional outputs. This work thus advances biohybrid materials toward applications ranging from wearable therapeutics or monitoring devices to customizable consumer products …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Living Materials: Digital Design and Fabrication of 3D Multimaterial Structures with Programmable Biohybrid Surfaces

Smith

Bader

Sharma

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Significant efforts exist to develop living/non‐living composite materials—known as biohybrids—that can support and control the functionality of biological agents. To enable the production of broadly applicable biohybrid materials, new tools are required to improve replicability, scalability, and control. Here, the Hybrid Living Material (HLM) fabrication platform is presented, which integrates computational design, additive manufacturing, and synthetic biology to achieve replicable fabrication and control of biohybrids. The approach involves modification of multimaterial 3D‐printer descriptions to control the distribution of chemical signals within printed objects, and subsequent addition of hydrogel to object surfaces to immobilize engineered Escherichia coli and facilitate material‐driven chemical signaling. As a result, the platform demonstrates predictable, repeatable spatial control of protein expression across the surfaces of 3D‐printed objects. Custom‐developed orthogonal signaling resins and gene circuits enable multiplexed expression patterns. The platform also demonstrates a computational model of interaction between digitally controlled material distribution and genetic regulatory responses across 3D surfaces, providing a digital tool for HLM design and validation. Thus, the HLM approach produces biohybrid materials of wearable‐scale, self‐supporting 3D structure, and programmable biological surfaces that are replicable and customizable, thereby unlocking paths to apply industrial modeling and fabrication methods toward the design of living materials.

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Soft Robots: Fast‐Response, Stiffness‐Tunable Soft Actuator by Hybrid Multimaterial 3D Printing (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2019)

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

Rapid Open‐Air Digital Light 3D Printing of Thermoplastic Polymer

Hybrid Living Materials: Digital Design and Fabrication of 3D Multimaterial Structures with Programmable Biohybrid Surfaces

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