Soft sediment deformation structures and their implications for Late Quaternary seismicity on the South Tibetan Detachment System, Central Himalaya (Uttarakhand), India

Rana, Naresh; Bhattacharya, Falguni; Basavaiah, N.; Pant, R. K.; Juyal, Navin

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.020

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, the relative intensity of deformation recorded in the five ROIs could be qualitatively ordered as A < B < C < D < E, which is examined carefully in Sec. 4. The results of the multifractal analysis of the five images in Fig.…”

Section: Mixing Simulations By the Egg-beater Flow Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This temporal behavior is an important outcome of the egg-beater flow simulations, and will be discussed in Sec. 4. Figure 9 summarizes the temporal change of the β values for the egg-beater flow simulations applied to the four images of ROIs A to D for the three thresholds.…”

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Driven by buoyancy, the fluidized unconsolidated sediments deform and mix complexly to leave characteristic wavy and folding structures in the strata. [4][5][6] These seismically induced soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) are important records of past seismic activity and susceptibility, and the degree of deformation/mixing should be evaluated quantitatively for a seismic risk assessment of the site. [7][8][9][10] Multifractal analysis is a useful technique to quantify the complex deformation/mixing processes of fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifractal Analysis of Seismically Induced Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures Imaged by X-Ray Computed Tomography

Nakashima

Komatsubara

2018

Fractals

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Unconsolidated soft sediments deform and mix complexly by seismically induced fluidization. Such geological soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) recorded in boring cores were imaged by X-ray computed tomography (CT), which enables visualization of the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of iron-bearing mineral grains as strong X-ray absorbers in the deformed strata. Multifractal analysis was applied to the two-dimensional (2D) CT images with various degrees of deformation and mixing. The results show that the distribution of the iron-bearing mineral grains is multifractal for less deformed/mixed strata and almost monofractal for fully mixed (i.e. almost homogenized) strata. Computer simulations of deformation of real and synthetic digital images were performed using the egg-beater flow model. The simulations successfully reproduced the transformation from the multifractal spectra into almost monofractal spectra (i.e. almost convergence on a single point) with an increase in deformation/mixing * Corresponding author. This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) License. Further distribution of this work is permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. intensity. The present study demonstrates that multifractal analysis coupled with X-ray CT and the mixing flow model is useful to quantify the complexity of seismically induced SSDSs, standing as a novel method for the evaluation of cores for seismic risk assessment. 1850018-1

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Section: Mixing Simulations By the Egg-beater Flow Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multifractal Analysis of Seismically Induced Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures Imaged by X-Ray Computed Tomography

Nakashima

Komatsubara

2018

Fractals

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“…The presence of discrete deformation layers within the planar beds indicates episodic disturbance during the sedimentation process, which can be triggered by sediment loading, storm-currents, water waves, glaciation, rapid sedimentation or earthquakes [10,16,[38][39][40]. Therefore, in order to identify the origin of the soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS), some approaches such as criteria-based and trigger-based approaches are adopted to analyze SSDS [25,28,38].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high permeability, these features are produced by earthquake induced elevated fluid pressure. This pressure is released through the upward flow of fluid, liquefaction and fluidization [20,24,30,33,40] Liquefied and fluidized sediments deform as a viscous fluid. The surrounding cohesive materials behave in a plastic or brittle manner (folded or broken laminae) [28].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

Teng¹,

Chen²,

Cui³

et al. 2017

J Geol Geophys

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Multiple levels of preserved soft-sediment deformation structures occur in sediments deposited in the paleodammed lakes in the Batang-Zhongza reaches of the upper Jinsha River Valley, southeast Tibetan Plateau. These deformation structures include folded layers, convoluted layers, ball-and-pillow structures, recumbent lamination, waterescape structures, and small-scale landslide. Combining the assessments of depositional facies, potential triggers, paleoenvironmental context, we conclude that the probable trigger agents of this deformation were earthquakes, slides, and debris flows. The seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation structures provide new substantial evidence for the existence of active tectonics and paleo-earthquakes in the Batang area since the Holocene.

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The Major Thrust Faults and Shear Zones

Grujić

Coutand

2023

Himalaya, Dynamics of a Giant 1

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Soft sediment deformation structures and their implications for Late Quaternary seismicity on the South Tibetan Detachment System, Central Himalaya (Uttarakhand), India

Cited by 36 publications

References 52 publications

Multifractal Analysis of Seismically Induced Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures Imaged by X-Ray Computed Tomography

Multifractal Analysis of Seismically Induced Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures Imaged by X-Ray Computed Tomography

Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

The Major Thrust Faults and Shear Zones

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