Soft Tissue and Bony Injuries Attributed to the Practice of Yoga: A Biomechanical Analysis and Implications for Management

Lee, Melody; Huntoon, Elizabeth; Sinaki, Mehrsheed

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.024

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It has been reported that yoga is safe as a usual form of care and exercise [11]. However, there are risks associated with practicing yoga incorrectly, including muscle strain, torn ligaments, and more severe injuries [12]. Forty percent of yoga-related injuries occur in the lower extremity, specifically the knee (41%), and 43% of injuries are sustained while practicing yoga [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forty percent of yoga-related injuries occur in the lower extremity, specifically the knee (41%), and 43% of injuries are sustained while practicing yoga [13]. Another study also reported that 74.2% of people had mechanical myofascial pain due to overuse, most commonly resulting in injuries that involved the hyperflexion and hyperextension of the spine [12]. Therefore, physicians or individuals should consider those risks when choosing yoga as their exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Training Benefits and Injury Risks of Standing Yoga Applied in Musculoskeletal Problems: Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis

Liu

Chu

Lin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Standing yoga poses strengthen a person’s legs and helps to achieve the goal of musculoskeletal rehabilitation, but inadequate exercise planning can cause injuries. This study investigated changes in the electromyogram and joint moments of force (JMOFs) of lower extremities during common standing yoga poses in order to explore the feasibility and possible injury risk in dealing with musculoskeletal problems. Eleven yoga instructors were recruited to execute five yoga poses (Chair, Tree, Warrior 1, 2, and 3). The results revealed significant differences in hip, knee, and ankle JMOFs and varying degrees of muscle activation among the poses. Among these poses, rectus femoris muscle activation during the Chair pose was the highest, Warrior 2 produced the highest muscle activation in the vastus lateralis of the front limb, while Warrior 1 had the highest muscle activation in the vastus medialis of the back limb. Therefore, all three poses can possibly be suggested as a therapeutic intervention for quadriceps strengthening. Warrior 1 was possibly suggested as a therapeutic intervention in order to reduce excessive lateral overload of the patella, but the possible adverse effects of Warrior 2 with the highest knee adductor JMOF in the back limb could raise joint reaction forces across the medial condyles. In single-leg balance postures, Warrior 3 had unique training effects on the hamstring, and is therefore suggested as a part of hamstring rehabilitation exercises. The Tree pose induced low lower-extremity JMOFs and a low level of thigh muscle activations when it was performed by senior instructors with excellent balance control; however, for yoga beginners with insufficient stability, it will be a useful training mode for strengthening the muscles that help to keep one upright. This study quantified the physical demands of yoga poses using biomechanical data and elucidated the structures and principles underlying each yoga movement. This is crucial for yoga practitioners.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Benefits and Injury Risks of Standing Yoga Applied in Musculoskeletal Problems: Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis

Liu

Chu

Lin

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An example of the stretches from one study was to have the participant laying supine while the hip is at 90° flexion. Three studies had the participants perform yoga ( Lee et al, 2019 ; Sinaki, 2013 ; Tüzün et al, 2010 ). For example, participants were provided with a 1 h guided hatha yoga practice twice per week for 12 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cases included women both younger (61 years of age) and older (87 and 70 years of age), with varying progression of osteoporosis and co-morbid conditions that all experienced pain in the hip with end-range maneuvers during yoga. A review article also found a variety of adverse events associated with yoga in patients with osteoporosis, which included myofascial pain due to overuse, rotator cuff injury, among other injuries not related to the hip or shoulder, and therefore not a focus of this review ( Lee et al, 2019 ). A systematic review broadly looked at the relative risk of any fracture after an exercise intervention, which included components of long-lever end-range movements in patients with osteoporosis and found no difference between the intervention and control ( Lock et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Risk of Fracture With End-Range Movements of the Hip in People With Low Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review

Ziebart

McArthur

Laprade

2021

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

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Background: The risks of end-range movements for people with osteoporosis, specifically at the hips and shoulder, are not well understood. Objectives: To synthesize literature on the safety of stretching for people with osteoporosis by searching: 1) biomechanical literature to determine how much force results from an end-range maneuverer and is required to fracture joint components (focusing on the hip joint) and 2) clinical literature to describe techniques used, populations studied, effects, and reported adverse events. Methods: We conducted two separate search strategies in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus (1955–2020). Results: 16 articles described either biomechanical or clinical effects of passive and active end ranges of the hip joint. The largest load in the hip, described in the literature was in a crescent lunge during yoga. The moment produced in a crescent lunge is much smaller than that of the tensile strength of osteoporotic bone, suggesting the crescent lunge movement could be considered safe. Clinically, no adverse events were reported in exercise, stretching or yoga interventions. Conclusion: This review found no evidence that end range movements of the hip are unsafe, but there is little evidence. No studies were identified that explored the risk of humeral fracture during end range stretches.

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“…Moreover, in this position, there was a need to normalize the muscle tension in the right lumbar segment of the erector spinae in order to improve the biomechanical pattern. Proper range of motion without compensation as well as correct muscle tension are vital due to the fact that extreme spinal extension or flexion often provokes injuries even in long-term yoga practitioners [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Objective Movement Analysis in the Control of Yoga Asanas: A Case Study

Fronczek,

Kopacz,

Kopacz

et al. 2024

Complement Med Res

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Introduction: Yoga is classified as a form of complementary and alternative medicine. It can be used in many disciplines including: physiotherapy, medicine and sport. The objective of the study was to identify possible biomechanical problems during yoga practice, to minimize the risk of injury. Case presentation: Objective evaluation of the symmetry of asanas, balance, stability and muscle tension was provided in case of a 37-year-old woman, practicing mainly aerial and Hatha yoga for 6 years. The bigger body tilt and deviations in Center of Pressure parameters were observed in tadasana during forward examinations. In tadasana, the highest muscle activity was observed in the rectus femoris. In the case of forward tadasana observation, the highest activity was found in the gastrocnemius and in the lumbar portion of the erector spinae. During backward tadasana trial, the most active were tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles. In garudasana and natarajasana, the symmetry of the trunk position in relation to the lower limbs was observed regardless of the supporting limb. In the same way, Center of Pressure parameters in garudasana were similar regardless of the supporting limb. However, in natarajasana the higher COP displacement parameters were observed in the case of the non-dominant supporting limb. As for the electromyographic evaluation of garudasana and natarajasana, the highest muscle activity was observed in the lumbar portion of the erector spinae. In chakrasana, a slightly greater angle of the hip extension was observed in the left hip. A higher muscle activity in chakrasana was observed in the lumbar portion of the right erector spinae. In sirsasana, no significant displacements of the cervical spine were observed but a higher activity of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle was found. Conclusion: With the use of objective movement analysis possible biomechanical problems were identified. Attention should be paid to the normalization of the tension in the lumbar part of the right erector spinae and the right sternocleidomastoid muscle, as well as to the balance training in positions on non-dominant lower limb. Objective movement analysis can be a useful tool for instructors or physiotherapists to adjust yoga programs and to correct asanas in order to avoid future injuries.

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Soft Tissue and Bony Injuries Attributed to the Practice of Yoga: A Biomechanical Analysis and Implications for Management

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Training Benefits and Injury Risks of Standing Yoga Applied in Musculoskeletal Problems: Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis

Training Benefits and Injury Risks of Standing Yoga Applied in Musculoskeletal Problems: Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis

Low Risk of Fracture With End-Range Movements of the Hip in People With Low Bone Mineral Density: A Narrative Review

The Role of Objective Movement Analysis in the Control of Yoga Asanas: A Case Study

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