Soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment with or without tooth extractions in Class I malocclusion patients: A comparative study

Freitas, Benedito Viana; Rodrigues, Vandílson Pinheiro; Rodrigues, M; Melo, Heloíza Viana Freitas de; Santos, Pedro César Fernandes dos

doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.07.003

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…According to rickets et al, the ratio of 0.6:1 symbolizes the golden proportion which the standard for an aesthetically attractive profile. The maximum changes in the anthropometric parameter were observed in an orthodontic group, statistical significance was upper lip length, lower lip length, upper vermillion show, lower vermillion which was in concordance with a study done by Benedito V. Freitas et al [17] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Anthropometric Measurement Changes in Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery Patients in Dravidian Population: A Photographic Retrospective Study

2020

MLU

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Introduction: To evaluate the anthropometric and divine proportion measurements using pre and posttreatment photographs in patients subjected to only orthodontic treatment and orthodontics with orthognathic surgery. Materials and Method:The sample size was calculated with a power value of 95% which yielded a sample size of 126 patients. The pre and post photographs of these patients were divided into two groups namely Group I where patients treated only with orthodontics (64 patients) and Group II where patients were treated by both orthodontics and orthognathic surgery(52 patients). The Standard Anthropometric facial proportions and divine proportion measurements were used to digitally assess the pre and post-treatment facial changes using Ilexis FACAD software (Version 3.8.00). These photographs were standardized with the help of interpupillary line measurement which was done on both digital photographs and clinically and correlated.Results: Group I showed statistical significance (P<0.005) with upper lip length, lower lip length, upper lip, and lower lip vermillion changes whereas Group II subjects showed statistical significance in Skeletal vertical changes. The lower facial height, lower lip length was significant in Class II orthognathic patients whereas the upper facial height, alar basal width, and mouth width showed significant differences (P<0.005) in Class III orthognathic patients. Conclusion:Significant changes were noticed in both groups when pre and post-treatment values were compared, but orthognathic subjects comparatively showed higher significance values in vertical parameters which were near to the ideal anthropometric values and divine proportion ratios.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Anthropometric Measurement Changes in Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery Patients in Dravidian Population: A Photographic Retrospective Study

2020

MLU

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“…Lee et al reported that extraction of the four premolars led to significantly greater retraction of the upper/lower lip from Ricketts’ E plane [ 22 ] Liu et al reported a significantly smaller lip vermilion after extraction, indicating that the lip vermilion was more slender when the mouth height–width ratio was decreased [ 10 ]. Nevertheless, contradicting conclusions drawn by Freitas et al [ 23 ], and Ayhan Basciftci et al [ 24 ] reported that extraction of the first premolars did not imply a greater degree of retraction in the lip soft tissue. A more harmonious vermilion was considered attractive and had positive effects on lip aesthetics [ 5 ], but the relationship between lip morphology and facial aesthetics is complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Measurement of three‐dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a retrospective longitudinal study

et al. 2021

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Background 3D facial scanning has changed the way facial aesthetic is evaluated and has numerous advantages for facial analysis. The specific relationship between lip vermilion morphological changes after orthodontic extraction treatment has not been fully explained. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3D morphological changes after orthodontic extraction treatment in lip vermilion of adult females with dentoalveolar protrusion using a structured light-based scanner. Methods Forty-two female subjects (25.2 ± 1.9 years) were recruited as the treatment group; these patients had undergone extraction treatment and achieved better sagittal profiles. Twenty female subjects (25.5 ± 2.1 years) were enrolled in the non-treatment group; these patients did not require any orthodontic treatment. The follow up time for the treatment group was more than 24 months and for the non-treatment group was more than 12 months. 3D facial scans were captured using 3D CaMega. Six landmarks (Ls, Li, R.Chp, L.Chp, R.Ch, and L.Ch), three linear measurements (mouth height, philtrum width, and mouth width), and three area measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion area) were measured. The spatial deviations of three volumetric measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion) were constructed for quantitative analysis. Color-coded displacement map were constructed for visualization of the soft-tissue displacement as qualitative evaluation. Results Mouth height and philtrum width decreased (-0.93 mm and − 1.08 mm, respectively) significantly (p = 0.008 and p = 0.027, respectively), and no significant (p = 0.488) change in mouth width was observed in the treatment group. The lower and total vermilion surface areas decreased (-51.00mm2 and − 69.82mm2, respectively) significantly (p = 0.003 and p = 0.031, respectively) in the treatment group, but no statistically significant (p = 0.752) change was detected in the upper vermilion. In the treatment group, significant retractions were observed in the color-coded displacement map, and three volumetric measurements of vermilion changed significantly (p = 0.012, p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Significant differences were found between the treatment group and the non-treatment group in the linear, area and volumetric measurements. Conclusions This study established a method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the lip vermilion. Significant 3D retraction of the lip vermilion after the extraction treatment was found, with morphological variation between upper and lower vermilion.

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“…Liu et al reported a significantly smaller lip vermilion after extraction, indicating that the lip vermilion was more slender when the vermilion height-width ratio was decreased [10]. Nevertheless, contradicting conclusions drawn by Freitas et al [18] and Basciftci et al [19] reported that extraction of first premolars did not imply a greater degree of retraction in lip soft tissue. A more harmonious vermilion was considered attractive and had positive effects on lip esthetics [5], but the relationship between lip morphology and facial esthetics is complex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Measurement of three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a preliminary study

Han

Xie

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The objective of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes in the lip vermilion in adult females after orthodontic treatment for four-premolar extraction in patients with dentoalveolar protrusion using a structured light-based scanner. Methods Forty-two female subjects with protruding lips were recruited as the treatment group; these patients underwent extraction of the four first premolars (PM1) without mini-implants for anchorage control. A total of twenty female subjects were enrolled in the non-treatment group; these patients did not require orthodontic treatment. Six facial landmarks (Ls, Ll, R.Cu, L.Cu, R.Ch, L.Ch), three linear measurements (vermilion height, cupid’s bow width, mouth width), and three area measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion area along the 3D surface of the lip vermilion) were measured using 3D facial scans. Superimposed color maps and spectra were constructed for visual analysis of morphological changes in the lip vermilion for qualitative evaluation. The spacial deviations of the three volumetric measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion) were constructed for quantitative analysis. Results Vermilion height and cupid’s bow width decreased significantly and no significant change in mouth width was observed after extraction. The lower vermilion and total vermilion surface areas decreased significantly after orthodontic treatment in the extraction group, but the upper vermilion remained unchanged. Significant retractions were observed in vermilion volumetric measurements in the extraction group. Conclusions This study established a method to objectively and quantitatively compare the lip vermilion. Extraction of the four first premolars in adult females produced significant retraction in the lip vermilion. Morphological variation in the vermilion was different between the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion.

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Soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment with or without tooth extractions in Class I malocclusion patients: A comparative study

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Anthropometric Measurement Changes in Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery Patients in Dravidian Population: A Photographic Retrospective Study

Anthropometric Measurement Changes in Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery Patients in Dravidian Population: A Photographic Retrospective Study

Measurement of three‐dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a retrospective longitudinal study

Measurement of three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a preliminary study

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