Soft Touch or Heavy Hand? Legislative Approaches for Preventing Invasions: Insights from Cacti in South Africa

Novoa, Ana; Kaplan, Haylee; Kumschick, Sabrina; Wilson, John R.; Richardson, David M.

doi:10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00073.1

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Records of seed importation therefore provide a reliable estimate of propagule pressure. We selected 70 cactus species introduced to South Africa: the 35 cactus species currently listed as invasive under South African national regulations (Novoa et al 2015), and the 35 non-invasive cactus species which are most prominent in the ornamental trade, as determined by numbers of seeds imported (Novoa et al unpubl. data).…”

Section: Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Native range size and growth form in Cactaceae predict invasiveness and impact

Novoa¹,

Kumschick²,

Richardson³

et al. 2016

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Many recent studies in invasion science have identified species traits that determine either invasiveness or impact. Such analyses underpin risk assessments and attempts to prioritise management actions. However, the factors that mediate the capacity of an introduced species to establish and spread (i.e. its invasiveness) can differ from those that affect the nature and severity of impacts. Here we compare those traits correlated with invasiveness with those correlated with impact for Cactaceae ("cacti") in South Africa.To assess impact magnitude, we scored 70 cacti (35 invasive and 35 non-invasive species) using the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) and identified traits correlated with impact using a decision tree approach. We then compared the traits correlated with impact with those identified in a recent study as correlated with invasiveness (i.e. native range size and growth form).We found that there is a significant correlation between native range size and both invasiveness and impact. Cacti with larger native ranges were more likely to become invasive (p=0.001) and cause substantial impacts (p=0.01). These results are important for prioritising efforts on the management of cactus species. Understanding when and why impact and invasiveness are correlated (as they appear to be for Cactaceae) is likely to be an important area of future research in risk assessment.

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Section: Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-five of the approximately 250 cacti species that have been introduced to South Africa are currently recorded as invasive (Novoa et al 2015). The impacts of cactus invasions on South African biodiversity, resource availability, national economy, and human health have been recognized for well over a century (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native range size and growth form in Cactaceae predict invasiveness and impact

Novoa¹,

Kumschick²,

Richardson³

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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“…For example, Novoa et al (2015b) organized a workshop in which they followed a consultative process with stakeholders to design a list of potentially invasive cactus species whose introduction and use should be prohibited in South Africa. After the workshop, the list was compiled by researchers and then presented to all stakeholders for validation and adaptation.…”

Section: 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alien species with both benefits and costs ("conflict species", Fig. 1) usually lead to conflicts around both their use and management (Dickie et al, 2014;Novoa et al, 2015b;Shackleton et al, 2014;Stanley and Fowler, 2004;Richardson, 2012, 2014;Woodford et al, 2016). For example, several tree species in the genera Acacia, Pinus and Prosopis, which are highly invasive in many areas of the world, are extensively used in the forestry industry and for agroforestry and silviculture by farmers and rural communities (Kull et al, 2011;Moran et al, 2000;Shackleton et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for "framing" the problem (Woodford et al, 2016). It is also essential for identifying valuable local knowledge and practices, promoting awareness and social learning, reaching consensus and gaining support, and formulating co-management programs (Touza et al 2014;Forsyth et al, 2012;García-Llorente et al, 2008;Moon et al, 2015;Novoa et al, 2015b;Reed, 2008;Reed et al, 2009;Sharp et al, 2011;Stokes et al, 2006). Therefore, the importance of participatory approaches in alien species management has been increasingly recognized (García-Llorente et al, 2008;Shackleton et al, 2015;Crowley et al, 2017b) and the number of studies aiming to understand stakeholders' perceptions to facilitate decision-making in alien species management is growing (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A framework for engaging stakeholders on the management of alien species

Novoa

Shackleton

Canavan

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Management

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159

134

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a b s t r a c tAlien species can have major ecological and socioeconomic impacts in their novel ranges and so effective management actions are needed. However, management can be contentious and create conflicts, especially when stakeholders who benefit from alien species are different from those who incur costs. Such conflicts of interests mean that management strategies can often not be implemented. There is, therefore, increasing interest in engaging stakeholders affected by alien species or by their management. Through a facilitated workshop and consultation process including academics and managers working on a variety of organisms and in different areas (urban and rural) and ecosystems (terrestrial and aquatic), we developed a framework for engaging stakeholders in the management of alien species. The proposed framework for stakeholder engagement consists of 12 steps: (1) identify stakeholders; (2) select key stakeholders for engagement; (3) explore key stakeholders' perceptions and develop initial aims for management; (4) engage key stakeholders in the development of a draft management strategy; (5) reexplore key stakeholders' perceptions and revise the aims of the strategy; (6) co-design general aims, management objectives and time frames with key stakeholders; (7) co-design a management strategy; (8) facilitate stakeholders' ownership of the strategy and adapt as required; and (9) implement the strategy and monitor management actions to evaluate the need for additional or future actions. In case additional management is needed after these actions take place, some extra steps should be taken: (10) identify any new stakeholders, benefits, and costs; (11) monitor engagement; and (12) revise management strategy. Overall, we believe that our framework provides an effective approach to minimize the impact of conflicts created by alien species management.

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The legacy of over a century of introductions: Spread debt of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Maimela

Chimimba

Zengeya

2022

River Research & Apps

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For over a century, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been widely introduced into lakes and rivers in South Africa to create and enhance sport‐fishing opportunities. Despite its long history of introduction, naturalized populations of rainbow trout are still localized to a few areas with suitable habitats and climate. This study assessed the spread debt (i.e., the increase in area invaded by invasive species over time) of rainbow trout in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa to highlight areas with known introductions, the extent of the invasion, and to identify areas that are suitable for establishment but are still invasion‐free. The total river length that was predicted as suitable for rainbow trout under current climate was about ca. 3,500 km in an extension of about ca. 15,000 km. Current occupancy (river length predicted as suitable with known rainbow trout occurrence records) was ca. 1,220 km (35%) and the invasion debt was therefore estimated as 65%. While these data infer a large invasion debt, they are confounded by a lack of knowledge on sampling effort and verified true absence and should therefore be recognized as an estimate. In addition, the extent of the suitable area varied under different climate change scenarios where it was projected to decrease under RCP 4.5 scenarios and increase under the RCP 8.5 scenarios. This study demonstrates some of the difficulties of quantifying the potential future extent and impacts of biological invasions and how the invasion debt concept can be applied to provide an important link between invasion biology, management, and policy.

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Soft Touch or Heavy Hand? Legislative Approaches for Preventing Invasions: Insights from Cacti in South Africa

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Native range size and growth form in Cactaceae predict invasiveness and impact

Native range size and growth form in Cactaceae predict invasiveness and impact

A framework for engaging stakeholders on the management of alien species

The legacy of over a century of introductions: Spread debt of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

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