1974
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4018(74)90381-2
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Soft X-ray imaging zone plates with large zone numbers for microscopic and spectroscopic applications

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Cited by 146 publications
(41 citation statements)
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“…Soft X-ray (SXR) microscopy has been successfully employed mainly in transmission mode, either using diffractive optics, such as zone-plates [23][24][25], raster scanning of the sample by focused SXR beam [26][27][28] or as a contact microscopy, where the sample is placed on top of a recording medium, such as a photoresist, and illuminated by SXR beam to make a ''picture'' of the specimen in the surface of the recording medium [29][30][31]. Synchrotron radiation at k = 2.4 nm was used for imaging frozenhydrated samples at atmospheric pressure, where details inside cells of algae as small as 35 nm were visible [32], or to examine rapidly frozen mouse 3T3 cells and obtained excellent cellular morphology at better than 50 nm lateral resolution, using transmission SXR microscope [33].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Soft X-ray (SXR) microscopy has been successfully employed mainly in transmission mode, either using diffractive optics, such as zone-plates [23][24][25], raster scanning of the sample by focused SXR beam [26][27][28] or as a contact microscopy, where the sample is placed on top of a recording medium, such as a photoresist, and illuminated by SXR beam to make a ''picture'' of the specimen in the surface of the recording medium [29][30][31]. Synchrotron radiation at k = 2.4 nm was used for imaging frozenhydrated samples at atmospheric pressure, where details inside cells of algae as small as 35 nm were visible [32], or to examine rapidly frozen mouse 3T3 cells and obtained excellent cellular morphology at better than 50 nm lateral resolution, using transmission SXR microscope [33].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Soft X−ray microscopy has been successfully em− ployed mainly in a transmission mode, either using diffrac− tive optics, such as zone−plates [30][31][32], raster scanning of the sample by focused SXR beam [33][34][35] or as a contact microscopy. In the contact microscopy the sample is placed on top of a recording medium, such as a photoresist, and illu− minated by the SXR beam to make a "picture" (imprint) of the specimen in the surface of the recording medium [36,37].…”
Section: Previous Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Während diese für sichtbares Licht wegen wirkungsvollerer Brechungslinsen praktisch keine Anwendung fanden, haben sich FZPs seit ihrer Erstanwendung mit weichen Röntgenstrahlen durch Schmahl und Mitarbeiter 1974 [23] zu einem weit verbreiteten röntgen-optischen Element etabliert. Wird die Stegbreite d nun mit zunehmenden Radialabstand von der optischen Achse verringert, vergrößert sich entsprechend Gleichung (2.6) der Beugungswinkel θ und es kann auf der optischen Achse ein gemeinsames Maximum geformt werden -es kommt zur Fokussierung.…”
Section: Fresnel'sche Zonenplattenunclassified
“…Bereits in den 1970er Jahren begann die Entwicklung der Zonenplatten, die vor allem durch die Pionierarbeit von Schmahl den Zugang zur Röntgenmikroskopie ebneten [23]. Angetrieben durch die Vorteile der Untersuchung von biologischen Proben vor allem mit Wellenlängen im sogenannten "Wasserfenster" (2,3 nm ≤ λ ≤ 4,4 nm), entfaltete sich eine Vielzahl von Herstellungsmethoden, die es mittlerweile erlauben, mit weicher Röntgenstrahlung Details von knapp 10 nm sichtbar zu machen [69].…”
Section: Fabrikation Von Zonenplattenunclassified
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