Soft x-ray lasing in neonlike germanium and copper plasmas

Lee, T. N.; McLean, E. A.; Elton, R. C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.1185

Cited by 209 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The expansion continues during the first part of the second half cycle of the current pulse. At the time of the end of the first half cycle of the current the plasma is measured to expand at a velocity of approximately Time (10 ns/div) transitions in elements with Z as low as 22 (titanium) [18][19][20][21]. The favorable scaling to low Z of the also successful Ni-like sequence has been predicted theoretically by Hagelstein [22].…”

Section: +1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-discharge excitation of hot capillary plasmas for soft-x-ray amplifiers

et al. 1993

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High-temperature iT, > 150 e'V), small-diameter (--200 J..lm) plasma columns have been efficiently generated by very fast (13 ns rise time, 28 ns full width at half maximum) pulsed discharge excitation of capillary channels filled with preionized gas. Discharges in argon-filled capillaries at currents between 20 and 60 kA produced plasmas with Ar x-Ar XIV line emission, in which the degree of ionization was controlled by the magnitude of the current pulse. The characteristics of these plasmas differ from those created by vacuum discharges in the same capillaries and approach those necessary for soft-x-ray amplification in low-Z elements. PACS numberts): 52.80. -s, 42.55.Vc

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Section: +1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-discharge excitation of hot capillary plasmas for soft-x-ray amplifiers

et al. 1993

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“…To achieve higher gain [15] , shorter duration laser pulses were required, and by 1995, high power ∼terawatt pulses of ∼20 ps duration had been developed. Collisional excitation soft x-ray laser pumping using high (∼kilojoule) energy, nanosecond pulses was first demonstrated at high gain with neon-like selenium [16] and subsequently and more efficiently 2 C. Danson et al in neon-like germanium [17] . The highest possible brightness with a soft x-ray laser is obtained when it is operated in saturation, and this was initially achieved in 1992 using neon-like germanium [18] at 23 nm with a 500 ps pump, and later in 1997 with nickel-like samarium [19] at 7 nm using a 50 ps pump.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petawatt class lasers worldwide

Danson

Hillier

Hopps

et al. 2015

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

486

318

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The use of ultra-high intensity laser beams to achieve extreme material states in the laboratory has become almost routine with the development of the petawatt laser. Petawatt class lasers have been constructed for specific research activities, including particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion and radiation therapy, and for secondary source generation (x-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and ions). They are also now routinely coupled, and synchronized, to other large scale facilities including megajoule scale lasers, ion and electron accelerators, x-ray sources and z-pinches. The authors of this paper have tried to compile a comprehensive overview of the current status of petawatt class lasers worldwide. The definition of 'petawatt class' in this context is a laser that delivers >200 TW.

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“…It corresponds to the Ge XXIII laser first demonstrated at the Naval Research Laboratory by Lee et al 40 The 3p laser upper levels are populated by electron monopole collisional excitation E 0 from the Ne-like ion ground state and also through recombination from the F-like ion, and by cascades from higher energy levels. A small contribution might also come from inner shell ionization of the Na-like state.…”

Section: A Collisional Electron Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Subsequent experiments conducted in the following few years confirmed the observation of larger gain in the Jϭ2 -1 lines, 44 with the exception of experiments conducted in lower-Z elements that showed slightly higher gain in the Jϭ0 -1 line. 40 This apparent contradiction between theory and experiment in the distribution of the gain in high Z elements attracted significant attention, and gave origin to a number of suggested explanations. [130][131][132] Increased understanding of the cause of this anomaly resulted from recent experiments in laser-created plasmas that made use of a prepulse in the excitation.…”

Section: A Collisional Electron Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the result of either the rapid self-terminated nature of the population inversion in transient schemes, [74][75][76][77][78] or the difficulty of maintaining for a sufficient period of time the stringent plasma conditions necessary for amplification in quasi-cw schemes. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]83 Consequently, soft x-ray lasers normally operate with a single-pass or double-pass amplification of the spontaneous emission through the gain medium. In such amplified spontaneous emission amplifiers the spectrally integrated intensity of the laser line increases as a function of plasma length, l, as…”

Section: A Pump Power Requirements and Scaling Lawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Table-top Soft X-Ray Lasers

Rocca

2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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This article reviews the progress in the development of practical table-top sources of soft x-ray laser radiation. The field is rapidly approaching the stage at which soft x-ray lasers sufficiently compact to fit onto a normal optical table will be routinely utilized in science and technology. This is the result of recent advances in the amplification of soft x-ray radiation in both compact laser-pumped and discharge-pumped devices. The use of excitation mechanisms that take full advantage of new ultrafast high power optical laser drivers and multiple pulse excitation schemes has resulted in the demonstration of saturated soft x-ray amplification at wavelengths as short as 14 nm using several Joule of laser-pump energy. Moreover, several schemes have demonstrated significant gain with only a fraction of a Joule of laser-pump energy. In addition, the demonstration of saturated table-top soft x-ray lasers pumped by very compact capillary discharges has shattered the notion that discharge-created plasmas are insufficiently uniform to allow for soft x-ray amplification, opening a route for the development of efficient, high average power soft x-ray lasers. Recently, a table-top capillary discharge laser operating at 46.9 nm has produced millijoule-level laser pulses at a repetition rate of several Hz, with a corresponding spatially coherent average power per unit bandwidth comparable to that of a beam line at a third generation synchrotron facility. This review summarizes fundamental and technical aspects of table-top soft x-ray lasers based on the generation of population inversions in plasmas, and discusses the present status of development of specific laser systems.

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Soft x-ray lasing in neonlike germanium and copper plasmas

Cited by 209 publications

References 12 publications

Fast-discharge excitation of hot capillary plasmas for soft-x-ray amplifiers

Fast-discharge excitation of hot capillary plasmas for soft-x-ray amplifiers

Petawatt class lasers worldwide

Table-top Soft X-Ray Lasers

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