“…Nature serves as a valuable source of inspiration for developing adhesion structures with strong adhesion, such as geckos, octopuses, , tree frogs, insects, and creepers . For instance, octopuses have numerous suckers on their arms, and a pressure differential between the sucker chamber and the surrounding medium can be formed under the action of muscle movements; thus, a high adhesion toward target substrates can be achieved. , However, most reported octopus-inspired adhesives are based on flexible materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which typically exhibits high elastic recovery properties that hinder the formation and maintenance of conformal contact with rough surfaces, thereby weakening the adhesion strength. , Furthermore, octopus-inspired surfaces often lack the high rough structure required to repel droplets, leading to permanent high liquid adhesion due to the high mobility of the liquids, which can be easily drawn into the cavity . Fortunately, various other life forms in nature can provide inspiration for adhesive surfaces.…”