Softening and Melting Behaviour of Sinter and Pellets

Hotta, Hirohisa; Yamaoka, Yojiro

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.71.7_807

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In the softening test under load, pressure drop increased 10) or a greater increase than this, 11) at temperatures of 1 200°C and lower. This is not a numerically consistent trend.…”

Section: Relationship Between Young's Modulus and Changes In Void Framentioning

confidence: 82%

“…As in the softening test under load, the simulation of changes in the structure of the packed bed was performed under a constant load of 0.1 MPa. The value of the load was determined according to the softening test under load, 10) where the standard conditions for the softening test was adopted. In the model, the packed bed is applied load by particle assemblage.…”

Section: Calculation Of Changes In Packed Bed Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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DEM-CFD Model Considering Softening Behavior of Ore Particles in Cohesive Zone and Gas Flow Analysis at Low Coke Rate in Blast Furnace

et al. 2012

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Since the cohesive zone has a great influence on the gas flow in the blast furnace, modeling of the cohesive zone is considered to be an important subject. In the cohesive zone, the softening and melting behavior of ore particles is affected by the load from the upper layer and the temperature distribution, and the pressure drop of the ore layer increases remarkably due to shrinkage of the ore particles. In this study, a model of the cohesive zone considering physical properties such as Young's modulus was developed on the basis of the discrete element method, which can track the individual motions of the numerous particles in a packed bed. To determine the appropriate Young's modulus of ore particles for the cohesive zone, element model calculations for a softening test under load were carried out, with particular attention to change in the void fraction. The optimized value of Young's modulus value was then introduced in the discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) model. The changes of gas flow in the vicinity of the cohesive zone were visually expressed by this model. These results were similar to those of cold model experiments and the burden structure observed in the dissected blast furnace. The influence of the coke rate on the gas flow was also analyzed using the above model. The change in the gas flow under a low coke rate condition could be well recognized.KEY WORDS: ironmaking; blast furnace; mathematical modeling; cohesive zone; discrete element method; computational fluid dynamics.

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“…In the softening test under load, pressure drop increased 10) or a greater increase than this, 11) at temperatures of 1 200°C and lower. This is not a numerically consistent trend.…”

Section: Relationship Between Young's Modulus and Changes In Void Framentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Calculation Of Changes In Packed Bed Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

DEM-CFD Model Considering Softening Behavior of Ore Particles in Cohesive Zone and Gas Flow Analysis at Low Coke Rate in Blast Furnace

et al. 2012

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“…Hotta et al 6) investigated the behavior of sintered ore and acid pellets in a blast furnace using the loading and softening test equipment that can simulate loading condition, gas pressure, gas composition and temperature in a blast furnace. They reported that acid pellets produced a larger amount of slag liquid than sintered ore at higher temperatures between 1 300°C to 1 400°C.…”

Section: Effect Of Sponge Ball Arrangement On Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Permeability in Cohesive Zone in the Ironmaking Blast Furnace

Ishii¹,

Murai²,

Sumi³

et al. 2017

ISIJ Int.

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“…Aside from operational control actions, such as ore/coke ratio distributions, the formation of the CZ is thought to be governed by the S&M properties of ferrous burden [6]. Subsequently, various methods were developed to study the S&M characteristics, including high-temperature experimentations, physical models or simulators, as well as various numerical simulations of the BF [6][7][8][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Most experimental studies use laboratory-scale furnaces run under simulated BF conditions [12][13][14][15][16][17][21][22][23][24], allowing either the routine assessment of ferrous burden materials or a better understanding of their behaviours in the CZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of high-temperature experimental techniques used to investigate the cohesive zone of the ironmaking blast furnace

Liu

Honeyands

Evans

et al. 2018

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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The softening and melting (S&M) under load test is widely used as a laboratory-scale routine test to investigate the behaviour of ferrous burden materials in the cohesive zone (CZ). However, it has been more than 30 years since the last comprehensive review and over that time, operational conditions in large, high-production blast furnaces (BFs) have changed substantially. This review provides a summary and critique of current laboratory methods and practices used to evaluate the behaviour of ferrous materials in the CZ, focussing on the various configurations and operating conditions employed for the S&M under load test. Moreover, the review proposes and argues for a more integrated approach to S&M analysis for research, one which promotes a more comprehensive understanding of ferrous burden behaviour in the CZ region and which, in turn, enables the development of more robust, routine tests for the purpose of material comparisons and prediction of BF performance.

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Softening and Melting Behaviour of Sinter and Pellets

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

DEM-CFD Model Considering Softening Behavior of Ore Particles in Cohesive Zone and Gas Flow Analysis at Low Coke Rate in Blast Furnace

DEM-CFD Model Considering Softening Behavior of Ore Particles in Cohesive Zone and Gas Flow Analysis at Low Coke Rate in Blast Furnace

Gas Permeability in Cohesive Zone in the Ironmaking Blast Furnace

A review of high-temperature experimental techniques used to investigate the cohesive zone of the ironmaking blast furnace

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