Softening implantable bioelectronics: Material designs, applications, and future directions

Oh, Subin; Lee, Simok; Kim, Sung Woo; Kim, Choong Yeon; Jeong, Eun Young; Lee, Juhyun; Kwon, Do A; Jeong, Jae-Woong

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116328

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116328

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Softening implantable bioelectronics: Material designs, applications, and future directions

Subin Oh,

Simok Lee,

Sung Woo Kim

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 7 publications

References 137 publications

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Tissue/Organ Adaptable Bioelectronic Silk‐Based Implants

Zhu,

Yan,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Implantable bioelectronic devices, designed for both monitoring and modulating living organisms, require functional and biological adaptability. Pure silk is innovatively employed, which is known for its excellent biocompatibility, to engineer water‐triggered, geometrically reconfigurable membranes, on which functions can be integrated by Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) techniques and specially functionalized silk. These devices can undergo programmed shape deformations within 10 min once triggered by water, and thus establishing stable bioelectronic interfaces with natively fitted geometries. As a testament to the applicability of this approach, a twining peripheral nerve electrode is designed, fabricated, and rigorously tested, demonstrating its efficacy in nerve modulation while ensuring biocompatibility for successful implantation.

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Tissue/Organ Adaptable Bioelectronic Silk‐Based Implants

Zhu,

Yan,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The Liquid Metal Age: A Transition From Hg to Ga

Handschuh‐Wang,

Wang,

Gancarz

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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This review offers an illuminating journey through the historical evolution and modern‐day applications of liquid metals, presenting a comprehensive view of their significance in diverse fields. Tracing the trajectory from mercury applications to contemporary innovations, the paper explores their pivotal role in industry and research. The analysis spans electrical switches, mechanical applications, electrodes, chemical synthesis, energy storage, thermal transport, electronics, and biomedicine. Each section examines the intricacies of liquid metal integration, elucidating their contributions to technological advancements and societal progress. Moreover, the review critically appraises the challenges and prospects inherent in liquid metal applications, addressing issues of recycling, corrosion management, device stability, economic feasibility, translational hurdles, and market dynamics. By delving into these complexities, the paper advances scholarly understanding and offers actionable insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers. It aims to catalyze innovation, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and promote liquid metal‐enabled solutions for societal needs. Through its comprehensive analysis and forward‐looking perspective, this review serves as a guide for navigating the landscape of liquid metal applications, bridging historical legacies with contemporary challenges, and highlighting the transformative potential of liquid metals in shaping future technologies.

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Mechanoadaptive Bioelectronics for Deep Tissue Sensing

Ren,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

Chin. J. Chem.

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Comprehensive SummaryDeep‐tissue physiological signals are critical for accurate disease diagnosis. Current clinical equipment, however, often falls short of enabling continuous, long‐term monitoring. Wearable and implantable flexible electronics offer a promising avenue for addressing this limitation, allowing in vivo signal collection and paving the way for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. A major challenge lies in ensuring that these devices seamlessly integrate with the diverse physiological microenvironments throughout the human body. Mechanoadaptive bioelectronics is emerging as a key solution to optimize signal acquisition and device robustness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological characteristics of various organs and the types of signals they generate. Furthermore, it explores recent advancements in mechanoadaptive bioelectronics, systematically categorizes their strategies, and underscores their potential to revolutionize healthcare. Finally, we delve into the ongoing challenges in this field and highlight promising directions to advance the adaptability of bioelectronics further. Key ScientistsIn 2017, researchers developed an ionic skin with enhanced mechanical compatibility through strain‐hardening properties.[1] Three years later, a neural interface platform called the adaptive self‐healing electronic epineurium (A‐SEE) was reported.[2] This platform minimized stress on neural tissue by dynamically relaxing stress. In 2021, an adaptive hydrogel hybrid probe was developed for long‐term tracking of isolated neuroelectric activity, optogenetics, and behavioral studies of neural circuits. This probe also utilized hydration‐induced softening to minimize the foreign body response.[3] In the same year, a shape‐adaptive imager with a Kirigami design was proposed.[4] In the following year, a morphing electronic (MorphE) device was reported, which exhibited attractive viscoelasticity and minimal stress on the growing nerve during long‐term implantation.[5] In 2023, a standardized tissue‐electronic interface was developed, which can be implanted with minimally invasive cardiac procedures on a rapidly beating heart.[6] Recently, a needle‐like microfiber based on biphasic liquid metal was created. This microfiber can reach the target site simply by puncturing and enable multifunctional sensing.[7] At about the same time, a device amalgamated with living and synthetic components was developed for studying and treating inflammatory skin disease.[8] This device enables real‐time digital updates and potentially adaptive treatment of non‐resolving inflammation, which is enlightening for the new generation of adaptive bioelectronics.

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Softening implantable bioelectronics: Material designs, applications, and future directions

Cited by 7 publications

References 137 publications

Tissue/Organ Adaptable Bioelectronic Silk‐Based Implants

Tissue/Organ Adaptable Bioelectronic Silk‐Based Implants

The Liquid Metal Age: A Transition From Hg to Ga

Mechanoadaptive Bioelectronics for Deep Tissue Sensing

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