Softening mechanisms and microstructure evolution of 42CrMo steel during hot compressive deformation

Wang, Qingjuan; He, Zeen; Du, Zongliang; Wang, Qinren; Dang, Xue; Qi, Zejiang; Chao, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.02.141

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As the temperature decreased and the strain rate increased, the MAGB fraction gradually increased, indicating that more substructures formed in the initial austenite. Wang et al [ 33 ] demonstrated through an investigation of 42CrMo that a higher MAGBs frequency indicates that the initial austenite deforms to form more substructures at lower temperatures. This means that the substructures introduced by austenite deformation could hinder the formation of multiphase martensite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prawoto [ 32 ] studied how austenitizing affects the microstructure and morphology of tempered steel, revealing that the dislocation caused by the transformation from austenite to martensite could significantly influence its mechanical properties. Wang [ 33 ] investigated the influence of a hot-deformed substructure on phase transition in tempered steel and observed that a portion of this substructure was inherited in deformed austenite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of an Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn Steel Using 3D Processing Maps

Dou,

Sun,

Shen

et al. 2024

Materials

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The Laasraoui segmented and Arrhenius flow stress model, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) model, grain size prediction model, and hot processing map (HPM) of Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn steels were established through isothermal compression tests. The models and HPM were proven by experiment to be highly accurate. As the deformation temperature decreased or the strain rate increased, the flow stress increased and the grain size of the Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn steel decreased, while the volume fraction of DRX (Xdrx) decreased. The optimal range of the hot processing was determined to be 1050–1200 °C/0.369–1 s−1. Zigzag-like grain boundaries (GBs) and intergranular cracks were found in the unstable region, in which the disordered martensitic structure was observed. The orderly packet martensite was formed in the general processing region, and the mixed structure with incomplete DRX grains was composed of coarse and fine grains. The microstructure in the optimum processing region was composed of DRX grains and the multistage martensite. The validity of the Laasraoui segmented flow stress model, DRX model, grain size prediction model, and HPM was verified by upsetting tests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of an Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn Steel Using 3D Processing Maps

Dou,

Sun,

Shen

et al. 2024

Materials

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show abstract

“…42CrMo steel is widely used in the manufacture of wind power bearing rings due to its unique wear resistance and high hardness 1 – 3 . However, at the same time, because the wind turbine bearing rings are in the harsh working environment in the field, under harsh working conditions such as cold, sand and tide, the surface is very prone to fatigue pitting 4 , wear 5 and even fracture 6 and other failure forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on microstructure of 42CrMo steel by ultrasonic surface rolling process

Wang,

Tian

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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To explore the microstructure formation mechanism of 42CrMo steel under the strengthening of ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP), the combination of theoretical analysis and experiment was used to conduct in-depth research on USRP. Firstly, according to contact mechanics and Hertz contact theory, the calculation model of contact stress distribution and elastoplastic strain between the rolling ball and the part during USRP is obtained. Secondly, the USRP processing test was carried out by single-factor experimental design method, and the microstructure of 42CrMo steel after USRP was analyzed by LEXT OLS5100 3D laser surface topography instrument and VEGA3 tungsten filament scanning electron microscopy, which found that with an increase in static pressure, residual stress and plastic strain gradually increase, the hardness firstly increases and then decreases, while surface roughness exhibits an initial decrease followed by an increase. The results show that USRP produces violent plastic deformation inside the material under the superposition of high-frequency impact and static pressure, at the same time, it refines the grains, so as to improve the surface performance of the part and improve its fatigue resistance.

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“…42CrMo-S steel is extensively utilized because of its superior hardenability, higher strength and toughness, excellent impact resistance and fatigue properties after tempering, and outstanding impulse toughness at low temperatures [1][2][3][4]. Currently, Cr-Mo series gear steels are mainly used in construction machinery, aviation generators [5][6][7], and some structural components (crankshafts, bearings, and bolts) [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Evolution Law of Inclusions in the Whole Process and Evaluation of Cleanliness in Start and End of Casting Billets of 42CrMo-S Steel

et al. 2023

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To investigate the evolution law of inclusions in 42CrMo-S steel, this paper samples and analyzes the steel during its refining process as well as the head and tail billets. An oxygen and nitrogen analyzer, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and an ASPEX automatic inclusion scanning electron microscope are employed to analyze the cleanliness level of the molten steel in the refining stage and the head and tail billets. The results demonstrate that the total oxygen content at the end of LF slagging is 10.2 ppm, indicating that the refining slag has an excellent deoxygenation effect. During the RH refining process, the total oxygen content of the molten steel diminishes to less than 10 ppm and reaches 6.3 ppm at end-RH. The nitrogen content in the molten steel gradually increases during the smelting process and attains 65 ppm at end-RH. Upon arrival at LF, pure Al2O3 plays the role of the primary inclusions in the molten steel. Afterwards, the pure Al2O3 inclusions transform into Mg-Al spinel-type inclusions, Al2O3-MgO-CaO inclusions, and Al2O3-CaO inclusions. The number of CaS-type inclusions in the steel reaches the maximum after feeding the S wire. In the RH refining stage, the percentage of inclusions with a size less than 5 μm is maintained above 90%. Finally, the cleanliness level of the head and tail billets (the start and end of a casting sequence) is analyzed, and it is recommended that the cut scrap length for the head billet is 0.3 m and the reasonable cutting scrap length for the tail billet is 1 m.

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Softening mechanisms and microstructure evolution of 42CrMo steel during hot compressive deformation

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Determining the Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of an Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn Steel Using 3D Processing Maps

Determining the Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of an Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn Steel Using 3D Processing Maps

Study on microstructure of 42CrMo steel by ultrasonic surface rolling process

Study on the Evolution Law of Inclusions in the Whole Process and Evaluation of Cleanliness in Start and End of Casting Billets of 42CrMo-S Steel

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