Software Piracy Detection Model Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Abstract

Abstract. Internet enables information to be accessible anytime and anywhere. This scenario creates an environment whereby information can be easily copied. Easy access to the internet is one of the factors which contribute towards piracy in Malaysia as well as the rest of the world. According to a survey conducted by Compliance Gap BSA Global Software Survey in 2013 on software piracy, found out that 43 percent of the software installed on PCs around the world was not properly licensed, the commercial value of the unlicensed installations worldwide was reported to be $62.7 billion. Piracy can happen anywhere including universities. Malaysia as well as other countries in the world is faced with issues of piracy committed by the students in universities. Piracy in universities concern about acts of stealing intellectual property. It can be in the form of software piracy, music piracy, movies piracy and piracy of intellectual materials such as books, articles and journals. This scenario affected the owner of intellectual property as their property is in jeopardy. This study has developed a classification model for detecting software piracy. The model was developed using a swarm intelligence algorithm called the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm. The data for training was collected by a study conducted in Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perlis). Experimental results show that the model detection accuracy rate is better as compared to J48 algorithm.

Methodological Approach for Identifying Websites with Infringing Content via Text Transformers and Dense Neural Networks

“…On the other hand, in the active identification of infringing sites, twenty-one [25,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] significant research contributions were compiled. Among these, three [65][66][67] engage in non-technical actions such as manual search and reporting, contributing to the legal takedown of offending sites.…”

“…Six projects [28,29,[68][69][70][71] follow a technical route, involving surveillance and cyber patrolling within the IoE. Regrettably, only twelve initiatives [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][72][73][74][75] implement one or more AI/ML techniques for identifying infringing content on the IoE, and of these, only eight [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] are considered closely related studies. Notably, a single article [25] stands out for its purely technical approach to the defensive and active aspects.…”

“…The present study addresses the previously posed research questions, focusing on two fundamental axes: firstly, the design of a detailed taxonomy in the domains of SafeGuarding and Active, aimed at managing infringing sites in the IoE, and secondly, the proposal of an innovative methodology for identifying websites that host multimedia content with potential copyright infringement. This research delves into a field that, so far, has received limited attention in the scientific literature [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The main contributions of this work are as follows:…”

“…-Technical [28,29,[68][69][70][71] involves any technical procedure that allows for traversing the IoE to identify websites, links, URLs, P2P platforms, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) endpoints, torrents, and storage clouds where an identified infringing multimedia resource is residing. -AI/ML-driven [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][72][73][74][75] includes advanced schemes that harness the power of AI/ML algorithms to efficiently perform cyber patrolling by traversing the IoE using NLP techniques, Supervised Learning (SL), Non-Supervised Learning (NSL), and DL analyses to analyze, discover, and present potential infringing multimedia content.…”

Analysis of third-party request structures to detect fraudulent websites

“…A great deal of research relates to detection of pirated digital content and product on the internet such as movies, audios, software, and games [39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]. However, fewer research exists on the detection of piracy websites that illegally copy and distribute such contents without the permission of the copyright owner.…”