“…Using, e.g., predictive or process models that require large amounts of project data as input, or using simulation, can support practitioners (Abdel-Hamid and Madnick 1991), but transparency and, ultimately, trust can be an issue. In addition, the cost of keeping highquality/high-accuracy data for every project up-to-date, making it suitable for input to the prediction simulation, again becomes a problem, as high initiation and maintenance costs increase the initiation threshold of any process improvement activity (Calvo-Manzano Villalón et al 2002;Kuilboer and Ashrafi 2000;Reifer 2000).…”