Softwood Chipping Fines: Efficacy as Poultry Litter

Parsons, Alan; Baker, Selena

doi:10.3382/ps.0642292

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Mould counts were also similar for the different litter materials, especially by the end of the study. Parsons and Baker (1985) reported that broilers reared on softwood chipping fines, a by-product of paper manufacturing, had equal body weights and feed conversions in comparison with birds reared on pine shavings. Broilers reared on the chipping fines also had 58% fewer carcass downgrades and 64% more Grade "A" carcasses than birds reared on shavings.…”

Section: Wood Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some alternative litter materials used for growing broilers and turkeys

Grimes

Smithi

Williams

2002

World's Poultry Science Journal

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This paper discusses materials used as bedding or litter for the rearing of broilers and turkeys in the U.S.A. The U.S. poultry industry has historically used pine shavings as the litter of choice for many years. Sawdust has replaced pine shavings in many areas, however, not by choice, but because pine shavings have become increasingly difficult to obtain. Regionally, rice hulls, straw, and peanut hulls can be found in use by poultry producers for litter. Re-cycled paper products have received a lot of research and development, but have not had a great deal of acceptance by the poultry industry. Sand is another alternative bedding that is currently being tested in southern climates. Alternative litter materials for poultry will continue to be researched and evaluated, and pine shavings or sawdust will probably continue to be used as the benchmark comparison. However, while bird performance will always be a threshold criterion, cost and availability will ultimately determine the adoption of new or alternative litter materials by poultry growers and the poultry industry.

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Section: Wood Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some alternative litter materials used for growing broilers and turkeys

Grimes

Smithi

Williams

2002

World's Poultry Science Journal

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“…And used and unused bedding materials are both considered litter. Materials used as poultry litter should be absorbent, dust-free, not consumed by the bird, easily handled and shipped, and inexpensive (Parsons and Baker, 1985). The litter material must not retain excessive moisture as this creates a reservoir for disease causing organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing nitrogen mineralization during poultry litter composting and calculations for available nitrogen

Nahm

2005

World's Poultry Science Journal

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This paper describes, under laboratory and/or field conditions, an approach that could be used to predict nitrogen (N) mineralization of poultry litter. Proper composting of poultry litter results in N mineralization, reducing or eliminating the environmentally harmful effects of ammonia (NH 3 ) odours and nitrate leaching. Addition of straw to poultry manure provides sufficient available carbon and increases NH 3 binding capacity, overruling any greater influence of diet composition on methane (CH 3 ) formation. C:N ratio ranges (6-25) vary in the amount of low N loss depending on substrates. Aerobic decomposition of manure results in formation of humified organic compounds and decreased nutrient availability, while anaerobic decomposition forms low molecular weight compounds (volatile fatty acids and NH 3 + -N). The differences in the size of the composted particles results in physical separation and decomposability of high and low C:N ratio substrates. Temperatures ranging from 14 to 35ºC did not affect the rate of N mineralization, but affected N loss from poultry manure pellets by decay nitrification at 14 and 35ºC compared with 25ºC. Uric acid and undigested proteins in poultry litter have optimal degradation rates at pH of 5.5 or higher, with the optimum pH for uricase being about 9. Variations in manure composition are seen between different species such as cattle, swine and poultry. The chemical composition of the manure and not the substrate N status influences the rate of decomposition or microbial availability. The N mineralization potential of some vegetable residues correlated better with the total and water soluble N contents than with their C:N ratios. Poultry manures are applied to agricultural soils at rates determined by the amount of available N that they are assumed to contribute to the crops. Many equations have been developed to calculate these application rates.

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“…Within the United States, primary choices for bedding materials include pine wood shavings, peanut hulls, and rice hulls, having pine shavings and sawdust as the most desirable options ( Malone and Gedamu, 1995 ). Additional materials that have undergone scrutiny as potential litter bedding options, demonstrating comparable performance, include paper products ( Malone et al, 1982 ; Malone and Gedamu, 1995 ), gypsum ( Wyatt and Goodman, 1992 ; Watts et al, 2017 ; Galli et al, 2021 ), hardwood bark ( Brake et al, 1992 ), rice hull ash ( Chamblee and Yeatman, 2003 ), softwood chipping fines (by-product of the paper manufacturing industry) ( Parsons and Baker, 1985 ), sand ( Bowers et al, 2003 ), and even composted municipal waste ( Malone et al, 1983 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the impact of gypsum as a novel bedding material on broiler performance, foot pad health, and fear response

Escobar,

Watts,

Torbert

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

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Softwood Chipping Fines: Efficacy as Poultry Litter

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Some alternative litter materials used for growing broilers and turkeys

Some alternative litter materials used for growing broilers and turkeys

Factors influencing nitrogen mineralization during poultry litter composting and calculations for available nitrogen

Evaluating the impact of gypsum as a novel bedding material on broiler performance, foot pad health, and fear response

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