Soil and residue management effects on arable cropping conditions and nitrous oxide fluxes under controlled traffic in Scotland 1. Soil and crop responses

Ball, B. C.; Ritchie, R.M.

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(99)00080-x

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This estimated value is within the range of uncertainty of our calculated cumulative fluxes in this study (0.85 ± 0.11 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 ). High emissions from crop residues tilled into arable crops have been recorded in similar wet soils with high clay content (Ball, 1999) which may indicate a similar process is occurring under these conditions at other field sites in the area.…”

Section: The Influence Of Tillage On N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 72%

The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Intensively managed grass production in highrainfall temperate climate zones is a globally important source of N 2 O. Many of these grasslands are occasionally tilled to rejuvenate the sward, and this can lead to increased N 2 O emissions. This was investigated by comparing N 2 O fluxes from two adjacent intensively managed grazed grasslands in Scotland, one of which was tilled. A combination of eddy covariance, high-resolution dynamic chamber and static chamber methods was used.N 2 O emissions from the tilled field increased significantly for several days immediately after ploughing and remained elevated for approximately 2 months after the tillage event contributing to an estimated increase in N 2 O fluxes of 0.85 ± 0.11 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 . However, any influence on N 2 O emissions after this period appears to be minimal. The cumulative N 2 O emissions associated with the tillage event and a fertiliser application of 70 kg N ammonia nitrate from one field were not significantly different from the adjacent untilled field, in which two fertiliser applications of 70 kg N ammonia nitrate occurred during the same period. Total cumulative fluxes calculated for the tilled and untilled fields over the entire 175-day measurement period were 2.14 ± 0.18 and 1.65 ± 1.02 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 , respectively.

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Section: The Influence Of Tillage On N 2 O Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 72%

The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

et al. 2016

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“…, 2010). Many studies have compared ploughed and no‐till soils (Schjønning, 1989; Ball & Ritchie, 1999; Simojoki et al. , 2008), where differences in density are ascribed to the contrasting tillage strategies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction and rotovation effects on soil pore characteristics of a loamy sand soil with contrasting organic matter content

Eden

Schjønning

Møldrup

et al. 2011

Soil Use and Management

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The high input of mechanical energy in common agricultural practice can negatively affect soil structure. The impact of compaction (P) and rotovation (R) on soil pore characteristics was compared with those in soil from untreated reference (U) plots of a loamy sand soil receiving for 14 yr, either only mineral fertilizer (MF) or, in addition, animal manure (OF). Undisturbed soil cores were taken from two separate fields in consecutive years at an identical stage in the crop rotation. We measured soil organic carbon (OC), soil microbial biomass carbon (BC), and hot‐water extractable carbon (Chot). Water retention, air permeability and gas diffusivity were determined at −100 hPa in both years and for a range of water potentials in one of the years. The continued addition of animal manure had increased OC, BC, and Chot compared with the soil receiving only mineral fertilizer. Soil under treatment OF had larger porosity than that from treatment MF. Treatment P eliminated this difference and significantly reduced the volume of macropores. This interaction between soil organic matter content and mechanical impact was also reflected in the gas diffusion data. Specific air permeability was mainly influenced by mechanical treatment. Modelling the diffusion data normalized to the inter‐aggregate pore space showed no significant treatment effects on pore‐connectivity, although there was a tendency of more water blockage in soil under treatment MF. More studies are needed to confirm this interpretation. Our studies indicate that organic manure increases soil porosity, but compaction reduces the related gas exchange effects to the level of compacted soils receiving mineral fertilizer.

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“…Two sites were selected from a ®eld experiment on the in¯uence of compaction on trace gas emissions, soil conditions and crop growth (Ball & Ritchie, 1999;. The experiment contained four replicate blocks of plots.…”

Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐range spatial variation of nitrous oxide fluxes in relation to compaction and straw residues

Ball¹,

Horgan

Parker³

2000

European J Soil Science

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Summary The spatial heterogeneity of N2O flux at short distances (0.1–2 m) was characterized in relation to various soil physical and chemical properties and the location of incorporated crop residues in arable soils. Plots were prepared with uniform compaction (either zero or compacted by a laden two‐wheel‐drive tractor) in two field experiments, one under winter barley (Hordeum vulgare), the other under oil‐seed rape (Brassica napus). Flux measurements were made of N2O using small chambers (7.3 cm diameter) placed at intervals of approximately 10 cm along a transect (c. 2 m long) across the direction of application of the treatments of compaction and residue incorporation. The flux of N2O and many other measurements showed large variation over short distances, particularly when fluxes were small. The spatial variation of the flux was not closely related to the soil properties. Correlations showed that cone resistance, air permeability and closeness to incorporated residues were as important as soil NO3, NH4 and soluble C in determining flux of N2O from non‐compacted soils. Most properties of compacted soils did not correlate with N2O flux. Correlation and multiple regression analysis failed to establish consistent relations between soil environmental variables and N2O flux, but principal component regression indicated that, overall, N2O flux increased with decreasing distance from straw residues and air permeability, and with increasing cone resistance and wet bulk density.

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Soil and residue management effects on arable cropping conditions and nitrous oxide fluxes under controlled traffic in Scotland 1. Soil and crop responses

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

Compaction and rotovation effects on soil pore characteristics of a loamy sand soil with contrasting organic matter content

Short‐range spatial variation of nitrous oxide fluxes in relation to compaction and straw residues

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Soil and residue management effects on arable cropping conditions and nitrous oxide fluxes under controlled traffic in Scotland 1. Soil and crop responses

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

The influence of tillage on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

The influence of tillage on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

Compaction and rotovation effects on soil pore characteristics of a loamy sand soil with contrasting organic matter content

Short‐range spatial variation of nitrous oxide fluxes in relation to compaction and straw residues

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The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland