Soil and site factors influencing purple-flowered rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) and eastern beech forests (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Turkey

Eşen, Derya; Zedaker, Shepard M.; Kirwan, Jeffrey Lynn; Mou, Pu

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.052

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…), but is also an invasive understorey plant in parts of Europe (Milne & Abbott ; Esen et al . ; Erfmeier & Bruelheide ), likely facilitated by ericoid mycorrhizas (Rotherham & Read ). Further analyses of interactions between vascular plants, fungi and non‐vascular plants will provide valuable functional understanding of ecosystems globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liverworts to the rescue: an investigation of their efficacy as mycorrhizal inoculum for vascular plants

et al. 2015

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Summary Pezoloma ericae (D.J. Read) Baral, a widespread mycorrhizal fungus of plants in the Ericales, is known to form intracellular associations with several families of leafy liverworts (Schistochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Cephaloziaceae, Cephaloziellaceae) in vitro. The ecological significance of this link between vascular and non‐vascular plants is unknown. Fungal symbionts were isolated from rhizoids of the leafy liverworts Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. and C. bicuspidata (L.) Dum. (Cephaloziaceae), as well as from the hair roots of two dominant ericoid mycorrhiza‐forming species of European heathlands, Erica tetralix (L.) and Calluna vulgaris (L.). Using pure cultures of P. ericae, we resynthesized liverwort–fungus associations to use colonized liverworts as inoculum which was applied to substrates supporting the growth of heather seedlings and cuttings. Effects were quantified using germination, rooting, plant colonization, plant survival under waterlogging stress and growth in height in experimental systems with and without liverworts and/or fungi. Fungal symbionts growing from liverwort rhizoids readily colonized the hair roots of ericaceous plants to form typical ericoid mycorrhizas. The presence of inoculum‐bearing liverworts led to significant increases in plant growth. Erica tetralix was more responsive to inoculation than C. vulgaris. Ericaceous cuttings rooted and survived more successfully when they were coplanted with previously colonized liverwort stems. We demonstrate, under realistic ecological circumstances, that liverworts can deliver mycorrhizal inoculum and improve the establishment of vascular plants. We propose that by providing sources of mycorrhizal inoculum, symbiotic non‐vascular plants can contribute to the restoration of plant communities dominated by Ericales plants. This research leads to broader knowledge about the function of ericoid mycorrhizas in ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liverworts to the rescue: an investigation of their efficacy as mycorrhizal inoculum for vascular plants

et al. 2015

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“…, 2006). Rhododendron spreads very quickly by layering, producing roots from branches at the point of contact with the soil leading to thickets (Eşen et al. , 2004; Yildiz et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term site productivity effects of different Rhododendron control methods in eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) ecosystems in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey

Yıldız

Eşen

Sargıncı

2009

Soil Use and Management

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The study area is located in an eastern beech stand on a fertile and mesic upland site in the western Black Sea region of Turkey. During natural regeneration of the beech stand, rhododendron was differentially controlled. The experiment used a randomized block design with four replicates and two different site preparation practices. The manual treatment was hand grubbing. The whole plant was uprooted and left on the site. The mechanical treatment scarified the surface soil to 5–10 cm depth with a bulldozer equipped with a brush rake. After 17 years following site preparation, the number of trees on the grubbing site (GS) was 60% more than that of mechanical treatment sites (MTS). Total tree biomass per hectare was 39% greater on GS than that of MTS. Beech trees on the grubbing sites had 18, 115, 29, 17 and 78% more N, P, K, Ca and Mg than MTS, respectively. Forest floor N content on GS was 50% more than that of MTS. On the GS, Ca content also was three times more than that of MTS. At 0–20 cm depth, cation exchange capacity on GS was 48% higher than that of MTS. At the same depth, GS had 50, 100, 78, 23, 8, 10 and 49% more C, N, P, Ca, K, Mg and S concentrations than those of MTS, respectively. Removing of organic layer and upper soil with mechanical site preparation depletes ecosystem nutrient pools compared with manual grubbing. This difference is sustained in the long‐term. Grubbing is both effective and by leaving organic layer on the sites, grubbing preserves the long‐term productivity of the ecosystem.

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“…Clearly the understorey will also need to be managed in relation to its variability along soil fertility and compositional gradients as podocarp seedlings are not likely to occur in areas of high cover of either tree or crown ferns. The experience of Northern Hemisphere foresters is relevant here and suggests that artificial disturbance, such as fire, grubbing, thinning or partial cutting, is sometimes required to achieve a forest richer in lightdemanding species (Eşen et al, 2004;Götmark et al, 2005;Smith and Smith, 2005). Sites of high soil N and low P should be selected for promotion of podocarp species and it is possible that these sites are less favoured by B. discolor at least.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do conifers regenerate after selective harvest?

Carswell

Richardson

Doherty³

et al. 2007

Forest Ecology and Management

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Soil and site factors influencing purple-flowered rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) and eastern beech forests (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Turkey

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Liverworts to the rescue: an investigation of their efficacy as mycorrhizal inoculum for vascular plants

Liverworts to the rescue: an investigation of their efficacy as mycorrhizal inoculum for vascular plants

Long‐term site productivity effects of different Rhododendron control methods in eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) ecosystems in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey

Where do conifers regenerate after selective harvest?

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