Soil as a Storage Medium for Fungi

Bakerspigel, A.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1953.12024301

Cited by 64 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These include preservation on agar slants with periodic transfer, in sterile water (McGinnis et al 1974), silica gel (Perkinsd 1962), soil (Bakerspiegel 1953), on oil covered slants (Buell and Weston 1947), cryopreservation at low temperatures (−80°C), storage in liquid nitrogen vapour (−130-−180°C) (Carmichael 1962;Elliott 1976;Stalpers et al 1987;Chandler 1994), and as freeze-dried cultures (lyophilization) (Schipper and Holtman 1976). Several references for culture preservation can be sourced from http://ukncc.co.uk/html/Information/Collection%20manage-ment.htm.…”

Section: Culture Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture collections, the new herbaria for fungal pathogens

et al. 2010

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This paper discusses the importance of culture collections in plant pathology and reviews the methods currently available to store cultures. The preservation and maintenance of plant pathogenic fungi in a viable yet stable state for long periods has always been important, because isolates of these fungi can serve as standards for identification of quarantine taxa. Such isolates are also important for testing disease resistance and for plant breeding programs. The increasing use of molecular sequences analysis in the systematics of plant pathogenic fungi has meant that maintaining fungi in culture collections has become essential. Herein we discuss trends in the identification of plant and post-harvest pathogens, using Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Phyllosticta and Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs as examples. Herbarium specimens, although still a requirement of the Botanical Code when describing new species are, perhaps, less important in providing useful information when defining a pathogenic species. Many pathogen groups consist of complexes of species and morphology alone can no longer distinguish among species. However, ex-type living cultures are essential for identification and future species comparisons that incorporate the use of molecular techniques. As such, ex-type cultures of any new species of pathogen, or when new diseases are reported or studies involving pathogenic strains are published, cultures of the taxa studied should be deposited in widely available culture collections, preferably in at least three members of World Federation for Culture Collections. Methods for the storage of fungal cultures such as water preservation, freezing, mineral oil overlay, freeze drying and lyophilization are reviewed in this paper. The main objective of culture preservation is to maintain the vigor and genetic characteristics of a pure culture. Therefore, safe long-term preservation methods are required to ensure fungal survival and retention of any valuable characteristics. To minimize the risk of any morphological, physiological, or genetic changes, several different preservation conditions should be used whenever possible. The present review also describes a complete preservation methodology that can be used for plant pathogenic fungi.

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Section: Culture Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture collections, the new herbaria for fungal pathogens

et al. 2010

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“…The spore concentration in test preparations was estimated using hemacytometers. Long-term storage of the fungus was achieved in screw-capped tubes containing sterilized soil, maintained at 4˚C [28].…”

Section: Culture and Inoculum Preparation Of C Coccodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultures of C. coccodes (NRRL 15547) were re-generated from soil-tube [28] . Spores were harvested by rinsing the cultures with distilled water and filtering debris through 4 layers of cheesecloth.…”

Section: Culture and Inoculum Preparation Of C Coccodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy Improvement of a Bioherbicidal Fungus Using a Formulation-Based Approach

Boyette¹,

Hoagland²,

Stetina³

2016

AJPS

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of an invert (water-in-oil) emulsion (IE) on dew period duration and dew delay of Colletotrichum coccodes for biocontrol of the problematic weed, eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum). Dew periods of 4, 8, or 12 h provided 10%, 25%, and 40% control of eastern black nightshade plants, respectively, when C. coccodes (Strain NRRL 15,547) spores were applied in water + Tween 80 surfactant 12 days after inoculation, but a minimum of 16 h of dew was required to achieve ~95% plant mortality. In contrast, at these same intervals of dew, 95%, 100% and 100% mortality occurred, respectively, when fungal spores were formulated in the IE. Even in the absence of dew, 60% mortality and 70% dry weight reductions of plants was achieved with the fungus/IE formulation Delaying dew by 2 h after inoculation did not significantly reduce weed control or plant dry weight reductions when plants were inoculated with the fungus either in the aqueous or in the IE formulation. However, when dew was delayed for 4, 8, or 12 h, only 60%, 50%, and 25% mortality, respectively, of plants receiving the aqueous spore treatment occurred. In contrast, 95%, 90%, and 90% weed mortality occurred after the same dew delays of plants receiving the fungus/IE treatments. These results demonstrate that formulating C. coccodes spores in an invert emulsion greatly improves the bioherbicidal potential of this fungus. Furthermore, results suggest that this formulation may render pathogens previously rejected for development as bioherbicides due to restrictive dew requirements more efficacious for use in controlling their target weeds.

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“…Generally, cultures have been maintained on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and transferred periodically, with occasional re-inoculation and re-isolation from the host plant. Cultures have also typically been preserved on sterilized soil for long-term storage [19] [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the Shelf-Life of <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i>, a Bioherbicide

Hoagland¹,

Boyette²,

Stetina³

2017

AJPS

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The shelf-life of a bioherbicide product is an important factor with regard to its commercial potential. The bioherbicidal efficacy of freshly fermented Myrothecium verrucaria (strain IMI 368023) (MV) mycelia formulations and MV mycelia preparations that had been freeze-dried and then stored at −20˚C for 8 years was compared. Two concentrations of each formulation (1.0x and 0.5x) were tested, utilizing bioassays on seedlings of the weed, hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) under greenhouse conditions or in darkness utilizing hydroponically grown seedlings. Freeze drying of freshly prepared MV mycelium produced a light, brownish-colored powder. Efficacy tests of this reconstituted 8-year-old dried material showed that some bioherbicidal activity was lost during long-term storage, i.e., ~20% and ~60% seedling dry weight reduction at the 1.0x and 0.5x rate, respectively. Although plant mortality was greater in the fresh mycelial preparations treatments versus the freeze-dried and stored samples at all time points in the time-course, the stored material still caused >80% mortality, 15 days after treatment. Comparative disease progression ratings also showed a similar trend. Overall results show that freeze-drying MV is a useful method to reduce the bulk and cumbersomeness of storing heavy liquid fermentation product, while retaining bioherbicidal activity. These findings increase the utility of this bioherbicide and offer the potential to use the dried material in soil treatments or in a more concentrated form than attainable via the fermented product.

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Soil as a Storage Medium for Fungi

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Culture collections, the new herbaria for fungal pathogens

Culture collections, the new herbaria for fungal pathogens

Efficacy Improvement of a Bioherbicidal Fungus Using a Formulation-Based Approach

Extending the Shelf-Life of <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i>, a Bioherbicide

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Soil as a Storage Medium for Fungi

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Culture collections, the new herbaria for fungal pathogens

Culture collections, the new herbaria for fungal pathogens

Efficacy Improvement of a Bioherbicidal Fungus Using a Formulation-Based Approach

Extending the Shelf-Life of &lt;i&gt;Myrothecium verrucaria&lt;/i&gt;, a Bioherbicide

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Product

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Extending the Shelf-Life of <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i>, a Bioherbicide