Soil‐atmosphere nitrogen oxide fluxes: Effects of root disturbance

Keller, Michael; Weitz, A.; Bryan, Brynne L.; Rivera, María M.; Silver, Whendee L.

doi:10.1029/2000jd900068

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…2.2) other possible sources of errors need to be discussed. Keller et al (2000) investigated the effect of soil disturbance by installation of measuring chambers. For tropical soils a possible stimulation of nitrogen oxide emissions over a time period up to one month was reported and interpreted to be caused by cutting of roots during installation of measuring chambers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N2O, NO and CH4 exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Trace gas exchange of N 2 O, NO/NO 2 and CH 4 between soil and the atmosphere was measured in a typical Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinaster) forest during two intensive field campaigns in spring and autumn 2003. Furthermore, gross and net turnover rates of N mineralization and nitrification as well as soil profiles of N 2 O and CH 4 concentrations were determined. For both seasons a weak but significant N 2 O uptake from the atmosphere into the soil was observed. During the unusually dry and hot spring mean N 2 O uptake was −4.32 µg N m −2 h −1 , whereas during the wet and mild autumn mean N 2 O uptake was −7.85 µg N m −2 h −1 . The observed N 2 O uptake into the soil was linked to the very low availability of inorganic nitrogen at the study site. Organic layer gross N mineralization decreased from 5.06 mg N kg −1 SDW d −1 in springtime to 2.68 mg N kg −1 SDW d −1 in autumn. Mean NO emission rates were significantly higher in springtime (9.94 µg N m −2 h −1 ) than in autumn (1.43 µg N m −2 h −1 ). A significant positive correlation between NO emission rates and gross N mineralization as well as nitrification rates was found. The negative correlation between NO emissions and soil moisture was explained with a stimulation of aerobic NO uptake under N limiting conditions. Since NO 2 deposition was continuously higher than NO emission rates the examined forest soil functioned as a net NO x sink. Observed mean net CH 4 uptake rates were in spring significantly higher (−73.34 µg C m −2 h −1 ) than in autumn (−59.67 µg C m −2 h −1 ). Changes in CH 4 uptake rates were strongly negatively correlated with changes in soil moisture. The N 2 O and CH 4 concentrations in different soil depths revealed the organic layer and the upper 0.1 m of mineral soil as the most important soil horizons for N 2 O and CH 4 consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N2O, NO and CH4 exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

et al. 2006

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“…In Brazil, Matson et al [1990] found that N 2 O fluxes measured from permanently installed chamber bases showed significant increases compared to fluxes from control bases emplaced immediately before measurement after only 5 hours of insertion of the first set of bases. In Costa Rica and Puerto Rico, Keller et al [2000] observed increased fluxes of NO and N 2 O from several hours up to 6 weeks after base emplacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Previous studies in tropical forests soils in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico suggested that root mortality increases emissions of NO and N 2 O from the soil surface [ Matson et al , 1990; Keller et al , 2000]. In these studies, the effect of root mortality was inferred from observations of increased trace gas emissions following the emplacement of bases for soil enclosures to depths of 1 to 2 cm into the soil surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced root mortality increased nitrous oxide emission from tropical forest soils

Varner

Keller

Robertson

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] We conducted an experiment on sand and clay tropical forest soils to test the short-term effect of root mortality on the soil-atmosphere flux of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide. We induced root mortality by isolating blocks of land to 1 m using trenching and root exclusion screening. Gas fluxes were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment. For nitrous oxide there was a highly significant increase in soil-atmosphere flux over the ten weeks following treatment for trenched plots compared to control plots. N 2 O flux averaged 37.5 and 18.5 ng N cm À2 h À1 from clay trenched and control plots and 4.7 and 1.5 ng N cm À2 h À1 from sand trenched and control plots. In contrast, there was no effect for soil-atmosphere flux of nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, or methane.

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“…At the time of sampling, a cylindrical chamber 18 cm tall and 15 cm diameter was placed on each of the collars and a large rubber band of 10 cm diameter and 5 cm width was used to seal the chamber. The collar installation in the v www.esajournals.org soil affects the lateral gas diffusivity in the soil under the chamber Livingston 2001, Rochette andEriksen-Hamel 2008), can create preferential water and gas pathways through the crevasse between the soil matrix and the chamber wall and can disturb root growth (Keller et al 2000, Varner et al 2003, Rochette and Eriksen-Hamel 2008. All these changes can lead to biased measurements of net gas flux.…”

Section: Soil N 2 O and Ch 4 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Alsina

Fanton-Borges

2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil is the primary source of the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The assessment of N 2 O emissions, or net fluxes of the GHG methane (CH 4 ), are lacking for upland, arid agricultural ecosystems worldwide. In California, where rates of application for nitrogen (N) can exceed 300 kg per hectare for N-intensive fruit and nut crops (.2 million acres), liquid N fertilizers applied through microirrigation systems (fertigation) represent the predominant method of N fertilization. Little information is available for how these concentrated and spatially discrete N solution applications influence N 2 O emissions and net CH 4 fluxes (the sum of methanogenic and methanotrophic activity). In this study we examined soil N 2 O-N emissions and net CH 4 fluxes for drip and stationary microsprinklers, two of the most widely used fertigation emitters, in an almond orchard where 235.5 kg N/ha were applied during the season of measurement (2009)(2010). We accomplished this by modeling the spatial patterns of N 2 O and CH 4 at the scale of meters and centimeters using simple mathematical approaches. For two applications of 33.6 kg/ha and three applications of 56.1 kg/ha targeted to the phenologic stages with highest tree N demand, the spatial patterns of N 2 O fluxes were similar to the emitter water distribution pattern and independent of temperature and fertilizer N form applied. Net CH 4 fluxes were extremely low and there was no discernible spatial pattern, but areas kept dry (driveways between tree rows) generally consumed CH 4 while it was produced in the microirrigation wet-up area. The N 2 O-N emissions for fertigation events at the scale of days, and over a season, were significantly higher from the drip irrigated orchard (1.6 6 0.7 kg N 2 O-N ha À1 yr À1) than a microsprinkler irrigated orchard (0.6 6 0.3 kg N 2 O-N ha À1 yr À1 ). N 2 O emissions and net CH 4 fluxes were only significantly correlated with soil water filled pore space and not with mineral-N. The correlation was much better for N 2 O emissions. Our results greatly improve our ability to scale N 2 O production to the orchard level, and provide growers with a tool for lowering almond orchard carbon and nitrogen footprints.

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Soil‐atmosphere nitrogen oxide fluxes: Effects of root disturbance

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

N<sub>2</sub>O, NO and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

N<sub>2</sub>O, NO and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

Experimentally induced root mortality increased nitrous oxide emission from tropical forest soils

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

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Soil‐atmosphere nitrogen oxide fluxes: Effects of root disturbance

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, NO and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, NO and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

Experimentally induced root mortality increased nitrous oxide emission from tropical forest soils

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N2O and CH4 emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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N<sub>2</sub>O, NO and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

N<sub>2</sub>O, NO and CH<sub>4</sub> exchange, and microbial N turnover over a Mediterranean pine forest soil

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard