Soil bacterial and fungal community successions under the stress of chlorpyrifos application and molecular characterization of chlorpyrifos-degrading isolates using ERIC-PCR

Abstract

Abstract:Chlorpyrifos is a widely used insecticide in recent years, and it will produce adverse effects on soil when applied on crops or mixed with soil. In this study, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were combined to explore the bacterial and fungal community successions in soil treated with 5 and 20 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos. Furthermore, isolates capable of efficiently decomposing chlorpyrifos were molecular-typed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Under the experimental conditions, degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil was interpreted with the first-order kinetics, and the half-lives of chlorpyrifos at 5 and 20 mg/kg doses were calculated to be 8.25 and 8.29 d, respectively. DGGE fingerprint and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the composition of the fungal community was obviously changed with the chlorpyrifos treatment, and that samples of chlorpyrifos treatment were significantly separated from those of the control from the beginning to the end. While for the bacterial community, chlorpyrifos-treated soil samples were apparently different in the first 30 d and recovered to a similar level of the control up until 60 d, and the distance in the PCA between the chlorpyrifos-treated samples and the control was getting shorter through time and was finally clustered into one group. Together, our results demonstrated that the application of chlorpyrifos could affect the fungal community structure in a quick and lasting way, while only affecting the bacterial community in a temporary way. Finally, nine typical ERIC types of chlorpyrifos-degrading isolates were screened.

The Side-Effect of Organic Insecticide Spinosad on Biochemical and Microbiological Properties of Clay Soil

“…Digrak and Kazanici [2001] observed that the treatments of organophosphorus insecticides: isofenphos, phorate and fonofos had no side-effect on the development of the number of actinomycetes and fungi. Chen et al [2014)] reported the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on the population of soil microorganism. Similar impact was observed for cypermthrin [Ahmed and Ahmad, 2006] and endosulfan [Nasim et al 2005].…”

Structural and metabolic responses of microbial community to sewage-borne chlorpyrifos in constructed wetlands

“…The same result could be concluded in this paper. Other studies have shown that this may be due to the high tolerance and adaption of some microbes in situ to chlorpyrifos (Fang et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2014). There were 5 dominant bands (a, n, o, u, x) sequenced.…”

Effects of chemical and biological pesticides on plant growth parameters and rhizospheric bacterial community structure in Vigna radiata

“…The impacts of these pesticides on plant growth parameters were also monitored because these parameters are related to plant health, thereby directly influencing agricultural productivity. Limited studies [28,29] have shown the influence of pesticides on the structure of the rhizospheric microbial community.…”

“…They were compared with azadirachtin (a biopesticide) to assess the disturbance they cause in the soil ecosystem. Both chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin have been shown to inhibit microbial growth either by a cultivation-dependent approach [16] or by qualitative analysis [13]. However, in-depth analysis of such effects has not been attempted.…”

“…While qualitative analysis of bacterial community structure has been performed using 16S rRNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to evaluate the effects of different pesticides [13,14], it is only indicative of a shift in the bacterial community structure. Quantitative validation of such results is limited.…”