Soil biota associated with endophyteinfected tall fescue in the field

Popay, Alison J.; Jensen, Joanne G.

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4282

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is therefore likely to be an important pest in drought-prone areas where tall fescue would be used. Popay & Jensen (2005) found more root aphid under endophyte-free (Nil) than AR542 and AR501 field plots in a trial at Aorangi, New Zealand, but differences were not statistically significant. This paper describes experiments to further assess the efficacy of several non-toxic novel endophyte strains on root aphid and to investigate whether the effect is due to deterrence or toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Reductions in root aphid populations by non-toxic endophyte strains in tall fescue

Jensen¹,

Popay²

2007

NZGA R&P Series

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In two separate pot trials, tall fescue plants infected with the endophyte strain AR542, which is non-toxic to livestock, were shown to have lower numbers of root aphid per plant compared with uninfected plants, but more aphids than plants infected with other non-toxic endophytes (AR502, AR510 and AR514). These differences were not always significant when aphid numbers per gram of root were analysed. A Petri dish trial investigated the mechanism of resistance. Aphid survival was lower on endophyte-free fescue than on AR514- and AR542-infected fescue. Compared with endophyte-free, fewer aphids on roots of AR514- and AR542-infected tall fescue showed signs of feeding, as measured by production of wax and honey dew, and more were mobile on and around roots. Keywords: Aploneura lentisci, Festuca arundinacea, Neotyphodium

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Root aphid, Aploneura lentisci, is common in pasture throughout New Zealand and has been shown in pot trials to reduce growth of ryegrass when plants are under stress (Popay & Jensen 2005). It is therefore likely to be an important pest in drought-prone areas where tall fescue would be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductions in root aphid populations by non-toxic endophyte strains in tall fescue

Jensen¹,

Popay²

2007

NZGA R&P Series

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“…Adult scarabs, too, attract birds associated with strike hazard (Buckley and McCarthy, 1994;Bernhardt et al, 2010;Washburn et al, 2011). Endophytes tend to have weak or no effects on abundance of grubs, earthworms, or other soil biota (Potter et al, 1992;Davidson and Potter, 1995;Koppenhöfer et al, 2003;Popay and Jensen, 2005;Lemons et al, 2005;Rudgers and Clay, 2007;Keathley and Potter, 2012), which is expected given their localization in aboveground tissues. Endophytic alkaloids appear to become attenuated up through the food web and to have little or no effect on field abundance of predatory insects and spiders (Davidson and Potter, 1995;Rudgers and Clay, 2007;Keathley and Potter, 2012;this study).…”

Section: Discussion and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of ‘Jackal’ AR601 (Avanex) and Kentucky‐31 Endophytic Tall Fescues for Suppressing Types of Invertebrates that Contribute to Bird Strike Hazard at Airports

Miller

Redmond

Flythe

et al. 2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Core Ideas Endophytic grasses have been suggested for reducing bird strike hazard at airports. Besides deterring geese, such grasses might suppress insects that attract birds. Avanex tall fescue has been marketed as a bird‐deterrent grass for use at airports. Avanex and KY‐31 were tested against invertebrates in field and greenhouse trials. Neither grass is likely to appreciably reduce the food base for insectivorous birds. Use of endophyte‐infected (E+) grasses to deter vertebrate grazers such as geese, and invertebrates attractive to insectivorous birds, has been proposed as a means to reduce bird strike hazard at airports. ‘Jackal’ tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) with the endophyte strain AR601, branded Avanex Unique Endophyte Technology and marketed as a bird‐deterrent grass, purportedly expresses inordinately high levels of both ergovaline to induce bird avoidance behavior and loline alkaloids for insect resistance. We tested the hypothesis that Avanex is more effective than Kentucky‐31 (KY‐31), a common tall fescue with wild‐type endophyte, for suppressing types of invertebrates fed on by birds. Bioactivity of Jackal AR601 and KY‐31, with or without their endophytes, was compared in insect feeding trials, and against macroinvertebrate communities in field plots. Presence of viable endophyte was confirmed by immunoblot and alkaloid analyses. Alkaloid concentrations varied seasonally but were no higher in Jackal AR601 than in E+ KY‐31. Both E+ grasses suppressed an endophyte‐sensitive aphid, but effects on grass‐feeding caterpillars were more subtle, with similar and some cases better larval growth and survival on Avanex than on KY‐31. Neither E+ grass reduced populations of earthworms, white grubs, or aboveground macroinvertebrates. This study suggests that suppression of invertebrates by Avanex or E+ KY‐31 is probably too weak to significantly reduce the food supply for insectivorous birds at airports.

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that EP infection can suppress mycorrhizal colonisation of grass roots in tall fescue (Chu-Chou et al 1992;Guo et al 1992), perennial ryegrass (Müller 2003) and annual ryegrass (Omacini et al 2006). However, Popay and Jensen (2005) reported that under field conditions neither the proportion of root segments infected with AM nor the level of root infection differed between EP-infected and EP-free treatments. Furthermore, Novas et al (2005) found that roots of EP-infected Bromus setifolius populations were colonised more extensively by AM fungi than those of EP-free populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Menage a trois - are two fungi too much for ryegrass?

Liu¹,

Parsons²,

Xue³

et al. 2007

NZGA R&P Series

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A pot experiment investigated interactions between foliar endophytic (EP, Neotyphodium lolii) and root arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM, Glomus mosseae) fungi in Lolium perenne. The effects of three phosphorus (P) forms (KH2PO4-P, phosphate rock-P (PR) and phytate-P) on EP and AM colonisation and plant growth parameters were also assessed. AM arbuscular and vesicular structures were estimated by microscopic counting and fungal concentrations were quantified by qPCR of G. mosseae and N. lolii specific genes. Significantly more AM structures were formed in roots of EP-free compared to EP-infected plants, indicating that AM development is suppressed by the presence of foliar EPs. Total AM concentrations were also generally higher in EP-free plant roots, but not significantly. EP concentrations were significantly reduced by higher plant-available P in the growth medium, but mycorrhizal infection did not significant affect EP concentrations. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot dry matter (DM) at low plant-available P in the PR treatment. Infection with the endophytic strain AR37 also significantly increased shoot DM and fungal concentrations were higher compared to CS (common or wild-type strain)- and AR1-infected plants. Insoluble phytate-P produced the same amount of biomass as soluble-P (K-Pi) did, suggesting that L. perenne has the ability to use organic P. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, Glomus mosseae, foliar endophyte, arbuscular mycorrhizae, Lolium perenne, qPCR, phosphate, AR1, AR37

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Soil biota associated with endophyteinfected tall fescue in the field

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Reductions in root aphid populations by non-toxic endophyte strains in tall fescue

Reductions in root aphid populations by non-toxic endophyte strains in tall fescue

Evaluation of ‘Jackal’ AR601 (Avanex) and Kentucky‐31 Endophytic Tall Fescues for Suppressing Types of Invertebrates that Contribute to Bird Strike Hazard at Airports

Menage a trois - are two fungi too much for ryegrass?

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