Soil carbon dioxide emission associated with soil porosity after sugarcane field reform

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize soil carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission associated with soil pore distribution in an Oxisol and Ultisol under chiseling in the planting row and in total area for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation. The experimental design was a large paired-plot design. Treatments consisted of chiseling in the planting row (CPR) and chiseling in total area (CTA) in an Oxisol and Ultisol. Soil CO 2 emission, soil temperature, and soil moisture were assessed over 12 days in the Oxisol and 11 days in the Ultisol at a depth of 0-0.10 m. Organic carbon associated with minerals (OCAM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were also assessed. OCAM, pore class C2 (0.05 ≤ ɸ < 0.1 mm), soil moisture, and soil temperature explained 72 and 53% of the variability of soil CO 2 emission in CPR and CTA, respectively. In the Ultisol, pore class C1 (ɸ ≥ 0.1 mm) and OCAM explained 82% of the variability of soil CO 2 emission in CPR. In CTA, soil moisture, OCAM, and POC explained 67% of the variability of soil CO 2 emission. In the Oxisol, CPR and CTA affected soil structure, causing changes in both soil porosity and soil CO 2 emission. In the Oxisol, the lowest average value of soil CO 2 emission (2.8 μmol m −2 s −1) was observed in CPR whereas its highest value (3.4 μmol m −2 s −1) was observed in CTA. In the Ultisol, soil tillage (CPR and CTA) did not affect soil CO 2 emission. These results indicate that the intensity of soil tillage in more clayey textured soils favors soil CO 2 emission possibly due to a higher carbon availability for microbial activity when compared to more sandy textured soils. A less intensive soil tillage can be considered as an efficient strategy to reduce soil CO 2 emission and hence soil organic carbon losses. Thus, this management strategy proved to be efficient in terms of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, reducing the contribution of agriculture to global climate change.

Stock and indices of carbon management under different soil use systems

“…These results show that the management adopted in NTS and PP have contributed to the maintenance of the StockC both in surface and subsurface soil layers, a behavior previously observed by other authors (Rosset 2014a;2014b;Rosset et al, 2016;Sales et al, 2018;Assunção et al, 2019;Rosset et al, 2019). This increase in soil StockC in the PP and NTS areas is important for improving soil quality, considering that C directly acts in the reduction of Sd (Velasquez and Lavelle, 2019;Falcão et al, 2020), porosity maintenance (Bertollo and Levien, 2019) as well as in the regulation of water infiltration (Silva et al, 2019), improving microorganism activity (Souza et al, 2018) and providing greater soil aggregation (Ozório et al, 2019;Udom and Omovbude, 2019).…”

“…The conversion of natural areas into production systems can, in addition to modifying the landscape, change the edaphic quality when not properly handled (Freitas et al, 2018). The different uses and managements directly influence soil attributes, such as carbon (C) (Lal, 2018;Ozório et al, 2019), besides causing changes in physical (Sales et al, 2018;Falcão et al, 2020), chemical (Souza et al, 2018;Assunção et al, 2019), and biological attributes of the soil (Borges et al, 2015;Barbosa et al, 2018).…”

Physical fractions of organic matter and mineralizable soil carbon in forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest

“…In both fragments studied, CMI values lower than the reference area were observed in the surrounding NTS areas (Table 5). These results demonstrate that the modification caused by the conversion of natural areas may compromise soil quality (Rosset et al, 2019b), mainly in surface layers, affecting the quality of SOM due to the low diversity of species in the soybean/corn succession over the years of cultivation, which directly influences the physical quality (Sales et al, 2018), chemistry (Souza et al, 2018) and the biological activity (Borges et al, 2016) of the soil over the years of cultivation.…”

“…Gazolla et al (2015) obtained in their study a CMI value of 48.1 for layer 0-0.05 m in NTS with 10 years of implantation, compared to an area of native vegetation. Souza et al (2018) studying NTS chronosequence in clay soil, obtained CMI of 112, 128 and 139 for NTS with 7, 11 and 16 years of implantation.…”

Role of biochar in managing the irrigation water requirements of maize plants: the pyramid model signifying the soil hydro-physical and environmental markers

“…Yet, these amendments can also increase the emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs), e.g. CO 2 (Abdelhafez et al, 2018 andLiu et al, 2018) because of their high carbon availability to soil biota (de Souza et al, 2019). Thus, organic amendment can possess a global warning (Wu et al, 2018).…”