Soil Carbon Dynamics in Residential Lawns Converted from Appalachian Mixed Oak Stands

Campbell, Chad D.; Seiler, John R.; Wiseman, P. Eric; Strahm, Brian D.; Munsell, John F.

doi:10.3390/f5030425

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The higher BD under row crop systems than unmanaged systems (Table 1) is expected and is likely associated with 20 to 25 yr of conventional tillage (Arshad et al, 1999; Jabro et al, 2009). Research on forestland conversions to lawns agrees with our finding that the turfgrass sites had greater BD than the unmanaged areas (Campbell et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our finding of a higher SOC concentration in turfgrass systems compared with row crop systems (Table 1) could be due to the C input to soils as grass clippings (Qian et al, 2003, 2010). The SOC buildup in turfgrass system could also be due to the high amounts of dense fibrous grass root systems, which have regular turnover and greater lignin and hemicellulose contents than leaves (Campbell et al, 2014). Therefore, the roots decompose at a slower rate than leaves and help in SOC buildup.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Soil Carbon Accumulation and Nutrient Availability in Managed and Unmanaged Ecosystems of East Tennessee

Singh¹,

Sorochan²,

Stier³

et al. 2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Native woodlot and grassland systems have been converted to a managed turfgrass system with urbanization. Turfgrass systems increased carbon sequestration and nitrogen availability compared with row crop systems. Cool‐season (C3) turfgrasses improved soil physical and chemical properties more than warm‐season (C4) grasses. In the last two decades, urban and suburban lands grew by 34% in the United States, with 16 to 20 million ha maintained under turfgrass systems. Side‐by‐side comparison of turfgrass systems with other managed and unmanaged ecosystems have not been comprehensively conducted in the climate transition zone of the United States, despite the environmental significance of land use changes. Our objective was to determine the relative effects of C3 and C4 turfgrasses on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and nutrient availability, in comparison with managed row crop and unmanaged woodlot and grassland systems. Soil samples from depths of 0 to 5, 5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm were collected during March 2017 at the University of Tennessee's East Tennessee Research and Education Center from seven ecosystems: (i) corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation, (ii) continuous soybean, (iii) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), (iv) Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), (v) bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), (vi) unmanaged grassland, and (vii) unmanaged woodlot. All turfgrass species were established in 2012 and were managed like low‐input residential lawns. Within the 30‐cm soil profile, turfgrass systems contained 4.2 kg m−2 SOC at the time of sampling, which was 33% more than croplands and 34% less than unmanaged systems, and the C4 turfgrass system contained 2.3 kg m−2 SOC and 0.4 mg kg−1 inorganic N, which were 56 and 57% lower than C3 systems, respectively. Results from this study highlight that low‐input lawns with suitable grass species can offer higher SOC stock and nutrient availability than conventional cropland systems.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Carbon Accumulation and Nutrient Availability in Managed and Unmanaged Ecosystems of East Tennessee

Singh¹,

Sorochan²,

Stier³

et al. 2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Golubiewski (2006) studied soil C change in urban green space along a decadal chronosequence after urbanization and found that soil C density recovered and surpassed that of the surrounding native grasslands in the second decade after establishment. For lawns established on previously forested soils in Virginia, USA, there was a positive relationship between the time since development and surface (0–0.1 m) soil C concentration but a negative relationship at 0.2 to 0.3 m ( p = 0.03), perhaps as soil C in the previous ecosystem was mineralized (Campbell et al, 2014). Bae and Ryu (2015) observed a large 2.5‐fold increase in soil C over 10 yr in a new and intensively managed urban park in Seoul.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Carbon and Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio Change under Tree Canopy, Tall Grass, and Turf Grass Areas of Urban Green Space

et al. 2016

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Soils in urban green spaces are an important carbon (C) store, but urban soils with a high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio can also buffer N eutrophication from fertilizer use or atmospheric deposition. The influence of vegetation management practices on soil C cycling and C/N ratios in urban green spaces is largely unknown. In 2013, we collected replicate (n = 3) soil samples from tree canopy, tall grass, and short turf grass areas (n = 3) at four random plot locations (n = 4) established in 13 golf courses (n = 13). At each sample point, soil was separated into 0‐ to 0.1‐, 0.1‐ to 0.2‐, and 0.2‐ to 0.3‐m depths (total n = 1404). Linear mixed models investigated the relationships between soil properties, vegetation attributes, and green space age. Tree canopy soil was less compacted (1.07 g cm−3) than grassy areas (1.32 g cm−3). Similarly, tree canopy soil had mean C/N ratios of 17.2, as compared with between 14.2 and 15.3 in grassy areas. Soil properties in tree canopy areas were best explained by tree basal area and understory vegetation volume. Soil C/N increased with increasing understory vegetation, and the difference in soil C/N between tree canopy and short turf grass areas increased over time. The soil properties in tree canopy areas of urban green space mean they can increasingly buffer the localized use of N fertilizers and atmospheric N deposition. Managers of urban green spaces concerned about N pollution of groundwater and waterways could consider planting trees in suitable topographic locations and promoting understory vegetation and surface litter accumulation. Core Ideas We sampled soil under tree canopy, tall grass, and short grass in 13 urban greenspaces. Tree canopy soil had significantly greater soil C density and C/N ratios. Soil C/N ratios increased significantly with increasing green space age. Soil C and C/N were best modeled by tree basal area and understory vegetation. Tree canopy areas can be managed to buffer nitrogen eutrophication.

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“…Soil BD was sampled from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths using a soil-cutting ring of 5.3 cm in diameter and then was determined as the moisture-corrected (oven-dried at 105 • C) mass of each sample divided by the measured volume of the excavated soil core (Campbell et al, 2014). Prior to soil property and nutrient analyses, roots and litter were removed from the soil samples by hand and then air-dried, crushed, and passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve.…”

Section: Soil Samples Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term grazing exclusion has no impact on soil properties and nutrients of degraded alpine grassland in Tibet, China

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Since the 1980s, alpine grasslands have been seriously degraded on the Tibetan Plateau. Grazing exclusion by fencing has been widely adopted to restore degraded grasslands. To clarify the effect of grazing exclusion on soil quality, we investigated soil properties and nutrients by comparing free-grazing (FG) and grazing exclusion (GE) grasslands in Tibet. Soil properties -including soil bulk density, pH, particle size distributions, and proportion of aggregatesshowed no significant difference between FG and GE plots.

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Soil Carbon Dynamics in Residential Lawns Converted from Appalachian Mixed Oak Stands

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Soil Carbon Accumulation and Nutrient Availability in Managed and Unmanaged Ecosystems of East Tennessee

Soil Carbon Accumulation and Nutrient Availability in Managed and Unmanaged Ecosystems of East Tennessee

Soil Carbon and Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio Change under Tree Canopy, Tall Grass, and Turf Grass Areas of Urban Green Space

Short-term grazing exclusion has no impact on soil properties and nutrients of degraded alpine grassland in Tibet, China

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