Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment

Neugschwandtner, Reinhard W.; Liebhard, P.; Kaul, Hans‐Peter; Wagentristl, Helmut

doi:10.17221/879/2013-pse

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…1A) showing a more homogenous distribution up to a 25 cm depth while pH H 2 O gradually decreased with every sampled layer (except for similar values between a 10-15 and 15-20 cm depth). The vertical gradient of pH CaCl 2 has already been reported for this experiment after seven years (Neugschwandtner et al, 2014). Similarly to pH, an increase in calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was found in this experiment seven years after its initiation (Neugschwandtner et al, 2014), as CaCO 3 buffers the soil pH (Blume et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The aim of this study was to assess the influence of four different soil tillage systems and two crop rotations on basic soil chemical parameters in soil layers fifteen years after establishing a static field trial on a Chernozem in eastern Austria. Several soil characteristics which were assessed in 2003, seven years after the start of the experiment, have been reported earlier by Neugschwandtner et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These effects accumulate in the longterm and an additional system effect builds up (Pekrun et al 2003). Soil physical characteristics like soil aggregate stability, bulk density, pore volume and pore size distribution, infiltration and penetration resistance (Liebhard, 1993b;Liebhard, 1994;Liebhard et al, 1994;Liebhard et al, 1995) and soil chemical characteristics such as soil pH, soil organic matter and soil nutrients (Liebhard, 1993a;Neugschwandtner et al, 2014) are influenced by these long-term changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basic soil chemical properties after 15 years in a long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment

Neugschwandtner¹,

Száková²,

Pachtrog³

et al. 2020

Int. Agrophys.

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Basic soil chemical properties were assessed in a long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment 15 years after its establishment on a Chernozem in Raasdorf (Austria) with four tillage treatments-mouldboard ploughing, no-till, deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage-and two crop rotations. The following parameters were assessed: pH CaCl 2 , pH H 2 O , electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, total organic carbon and total carbon. Among which, pH CaCl 2 , pH H 2 O , and total carbon increased with soil depth while electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon decreased with soil depth. The differences between tillage treatments occurred after 15 years in the upper soil layer from 0-5 cm with higher values of electrical conductivity under no-till, deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage than with mouldboard ploughing, higher values of cation exchange capacity and total nitrogen for no-till than for mouldboard ploughing (with deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage showing intermediate values) and more total organic carbon for no-till and deep conservation tillage than for mouldboard ploughing. At a 5-10 cm depth, electrical conductivity was higher for no-till than for mouldboard ploughing. Values of pH CaCl 2 and pH H 2 O did not differ between tillage treatments in any soil layer. In deeper soil layers, tillage did not affect the analysed parameters. Crop rotation did not affect any of the analysed soil chemical properties. K e y w o r d s: tillage, soil depth, long-term experiment, soil properties, no-till

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basic soil chemical properties after 15 years in a long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment

Neugschwandtner¹,

Száková²,

Pachtrog³

et al. 2020

Int. Agrophys.

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“…Lack of mixing is most likely also the driver for topsoil nutrient accumulation. A trend towards decreased SOC and nutrient stocks in deeper soil layers as found by Luo, et al 35 and Neugschwandtner, et al 37 could not be found in this trial. With an average of 45% clay containing mainly illites, but also smectites and vermiculites, it is most likely that clay minerals contributed to SOC stabilisation in our case.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ stratification with reduced tillage was found for SOC stocks until 50 cm soil depth 34 . Such an increased stratification within the soil profile when comparing conservation with conventional tillage has been widely described for SOC stocks 35,36 and nutrient stocks 37,38 . Luo, et al 35 explained this in terms of a lack of soil mixing that promotes Table 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Enhanced soil quality with reduced tillage and solid manures in organic farming – a synthesis of 15 years

Krauss

Berner

Perrochet

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

105

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, frédéric perrochet, Robert frei, Urs niggli & paul Mäder Demands upon the sustainability of farming are increasing in step with climate change and diversity loss. Organic farming offers a viable approach. To further improve organic management, three strategies with potential to enhance soil quality are being tested in a long-term trial since 2002 on a clay loam in temperate Switzerland: reduced tillage vs. ploughing, solid vs. liquid manures and biodynamic preparations. A synthesis of 15 years reveals an increase in topsoil organic carbon (SOC, +25%), microbial biomass (+32%) and activity (+34%) and a shift in microbial communities with conversion from ploughing to reduced tillage. Soils under reduced tillage are more stratified in SOC and nutrients. Additional application of composted manure has increased SOC by 6% compared to pure slurry application, with little impact on soil microbes. Biodynamic preparations have had a minor impact on soil quality. Fertilisation and biodynamic preparations did not affect yields. Both higher and lower yields were harvested in the reduced tillage system in relation to ploughing. the main yield determinants were n supply and higher weed infestation under reduced tillage. continuously reduced tillage in organic farming has been proven to enhance soil quality at this site, while also presenting more challenges in management. Various global challenges are calling for change. Soil erosion and degradation, loss of biodiversity and pollution of adjacent natural systems all call current agricultural management practices into question. To meet sustainability requirements, there is a special need to develop, beyond individual innovations, alternative systems that consider the surrounding environment. Organic farming can serve as an alternative to conventional farming, as it has been shown to lower environmental impacts while being able to feed the world if consumption behaviour is adjusted 1. Organic farming is based on a low external input strategy with legumes, green manures, wide crop rotations and organic fertilisation. All of those approaches build and maintain soil quality 2. Biological mobilisation of soil nutrients for crop nutrition is more important in organic than conventional farming, meaning that soil quality needs to be maintained at a high level. Yet there are management practices and trends in organic farming that may jeopardise soil quality and hence require rethinking and improvement. Regarding primary tillage, mouldboard ploughing is common in organic farming in Europe, where it is an important tool for weed control and organic matter management 3. A bare soil surface is left after ploughing. This increases the risk of soil erosion and hence loss of fertile soil 4. Ploughing is assigned to "conventional tillage" (CT) in the context of the present study. As an alternative, conservation tillage systems have been developed globally for nearly a century 5. Conservation tillage includes "no-till" (NT) with direct drilling of seeds and various kinds of "reduced tillage" (R...

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Potassium transformation in clay soil with contrasting K budgets in long‐term experiment

et al. 2020

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Canadian Shield clay soils are high in potassium (K) reserves. The differential contribution of soil K fractions to crop nutrition is an important issue for ley farming systems of Eastern Canada where nitrogen (N)-based manure application rate leads to K surplus and redistribution. Our objective was to assess the long-term change in K offtake, K budget, and K forms under a 3-yr-cycle ley farming system (barley [Hordeum vulgare]-mixed forage-mixed forage) initiated in 1989 and ended in 2016. The liquid dairy manure (LDM) supplied higher amounts of K than mineral fertilization (MIN) and led to larger K offtake across crop cycles. The cumulative K budgets averaged −579 kg K ha −1 cycle −1 for MIN and +69 kg K ha −1 cycle −1 for LDM. Despite cyclic variations, topsoil showed a surplus of exchangeable K (>100 kg K ha −1) at the end of experimentation under MIN and LDM compared to the initial state in 1989. Exchangeable and nonexchangeable K fractions increased between 2001 and 2016 in 0-to 30-cm depth even under K deficit (MIN), due to K release from slowly available forms and recycling from lower layers. There were no significant relationships between K budget and exchangeable K down to 90 cm. The approach relating soil exchangeable K and K budgets to support buildup and maintenance of soil fertility proved to be inappropriate in clay soils high in illite-like minerals. Potassium dynamics in clay soils under ley farming highlighted the importance of considering nonexchangeable and subsoil K in K fertilization recommendations.

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Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Basic soil chemical properties after 15 years in a long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment

Basic soil chemical properties after 15 years in a long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment

Enhanced soil quality with reduced tillage and solid manures in organic farming – a synthesis of 15 years

Potassium transformation in clay soil with contrasting K budgets in long‐term experiment

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