Soil classification provides a poor indicator of carbon turnover rates in soil

Simfukwe, Paul; Hill, Paul W.; Emmett, Bridget A.; Jones, Davey L.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.014

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…To prepare the plant material, it was extracted twice with distilled water (80 °C, 4 h) to remove the soluble 14 C component (32·9 ± 1·5% of the total 14 C label). Of the high MW 14 C remaining, 26·7 ± 1·0% was soluble in HCl (0·08 m ), 43·8 ± 0·7% was NaOH (1 m ) soluble and 29·5 ± 3·4% remained insoluble (Jones & Darrah ; Simfukwe et al ., ). Briefly, 100 mg of 14 C‐labelled plant material was added to the surface of each 5 g soil sample (46 mg C g −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temperature and water controls on vegetation emergence, microbial dynamics, and soil carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem

et al. 2012

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Summary1. Arctic tundra ecosystems contain 14% of the global soil carbon (C) store which is becoming vulnerable to decomposition. Arctic soil organic matter (SOM) contains large amounts of old, recalcitrant, high molecular weight (MW) C compounds which are protected from decomposition whilst soils remain frozen. Climatic change alters soil temperature and water regimes in the Arctic, however, the impact of these changes on C decomposition and storage is poorly understood. 2. We investigated vegetation emergence, microbial dynamics and nutrient fluxes in response to snow melt on the high Arctic Svalbard archipelago using field and laboratory studies. Using bacterial and archaeal genetic material (16S rRNA) and ammonia-oxidising genes, microbial communities were quantified in transects across the active snow melt front. The effects of soil temperature and water content on SOM decomposition rates were measured using 14 C-labelled low and high MW compounds. 3. Vegetation and below-ground microbial communities, in the field, responded rapidly with peaks in nutrient availability and soil respiration observed within 72 h of snowmelt. Temperature strongly drives early growing season C dynamics in the Arctic. We suggest the nutrient peaks following snowmelt, coupled with higher levels of DNA in the subniveal zone are due to the decomposition of bacteria and archaea from previous years. 4. We show, in the laboratory, when soils thaw, mineralisation of recalcitrant C (high MW) compounds was sensitive to soil water but not to increasing temperatures. In contrast, low MW compounds exhibited sensitivity to both temperature and soil water. We suggest that if future soil water content increases under climate change, high MW compounds could become more susceptible to decomposition, releasing more C to the atmosphere.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temperature and water controls on vegetation emergence, microbial dynamics, and soil carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem

et al. 2012

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“…Samples were stored at 4 C prior to analysis for key characteristics including pH, total C and N, mineralisable C and N, Olsen-P (0.5 M NaHCO 3 , pH 8.5), bulk density and soil biota as described in Emmett et al (2008Emmett et al ( , 2010, Simfukwe et al (2011) and Reynolds et al (2013). All remaining sample was then air-dried and sieved prior to long term storage and use in this study.…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to represent the archive's spatial diversity, the samples were stratified according to their "Environmental Zone" e nine classifications derived from Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Land Classes which reflect an array of geographically distinct regions of Britain (Bunce et al, 1996). Across all land use and vegetation classes the dominant soil types (% of total) were brown soils (33%), surface water gley soils (19%), podzolic soils (14%), peat soils (12%), groundwater gley soils (11%), lithomorphic soils (8%) and pelosol soils (3%) (Avery, 1990;Simfukwe et al, 2011). These soils were assessed using the novel BBP extraction regime described below and for total C based on loss-on-ignition (Nelson and Sommers, 1982;Reynolds et al, 2012).…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel biologically-based approach to evaluating soil phosphorus availability across complex landscapes

DeLuca

Glanville

Harris

et al. 2015

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

134

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a b s t r a c tPlants employ a range of strategies to increase phosphorus (P) availability in soil. Current soil P extraction methods (e.g. Olsen P), however, often fail to capture the potential importance of rhizosphere processes in supplying P to the plant. This has led to criticism of these standard approaches, especially in nonagricultural soils of low P status and when comparing soil types across diverse landscapes. Similarly, more complex soil P extraction protocols (e.g. Hedley sequential fractionation) lack functional significance from a plant ecology perspective. In response to this, we present a novel procedure using a suite of established extraction protocols to explore the concept of a protocol that characterizes P pools available via plant and microbial P acquisition mechanisms. The biologically based P (BBP) extraction was conducted by using four extractions in parallel: (1) 10 mM CaCl 2 (soluble P); (2) 10 mM citric acid (chelate extractable P); (3) phytase and phosphatase solution (enzyme extractable organic P); (4) 1 M HCl (mineral occluded P). To test the protocol, we conducted the analyses on a total of 204 soil samples collected as part of a UK national ecosystem survey (Countryside Survey) in 1998 and repeated again in 2007. In the survey, Olsen P showed a net decline in national soil P levels during this 10 year period. In agreement with these results, soluble P, citrate extractable P and mineral occluded P were all found to decrease over the 10 year study period. In contrast, enzyme extractable organic P increased over the same period likely due to the accumulation of organic P in the mineral soil. The method illustrates a noted shift in P pools over the 10 year period, but no net loss of P from the system. This new method is simple and inexpensive and therefore has the potential to greatly improve our ability to characterise and understand changes in soil P status across complex landscapes.

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“…The statistical method partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis was performed to assess the relationships between R s rates and selected physicochemical properties in farmlands (Conforti et al 2015). The relationship assessment standard of PLS was to plot the 50 g Soil with 0.14 % (w/w) biochar addition C3 50 g Soil with 0.21 % (w/w) biochar addition w*'s and c's of one regression dimension against another, which can assess the relationships of R s with multiple parameters at the same time (Simfukwe et al 2011). The R s rate was chosen as the dependent variable Y and nine soil physicochemical parameters were considered as the independent variable X, which presented the information of the dominant factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil respiration characteristics in different land uses and response of soil organic carbon to biochar addition in high-latitude agricultural area

Ouyang

Geng

Huang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The farmland tillage practices changed the soil chemical properties, which also impacted the soil respiration (R s ) process and the soil carbon conservation. Originally, the farmland in northeast China had high soil carbon content, which was decreased in the recent decades due to the tillage practices. To better understand the R s dynamics in different land use types and its relationship with soil carbon loss, soil samples at two layers (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total carbon (TC), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), soil particle size distribution, as well as the R s rate. The R s rate of the paddy land was 0.22 (at 0-15 cm) and 3.01 (at 15-30 cm) times of the upland. The average concentrations of OC and clay content in cultivated areas were much lower than in non-cultivated areas. The partial least squares analysis suggested that the TC and TN were significantly related to the R s process in cultivated soils. The upland soil was further used to test soil CO2 emission response at different biochar addition levels during 70-days incubation. The measurement in the limited incubation period demonstrated that the addition of biochar improved the soil C content because it had high concentration of pyrogenic C, which was resistant to mineralization. The analysis showed that biochar addition can promote soil OC by mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. The biochar addition achieved the best performance for the soil carbon conservation in high-latitude agricultural area due to the originally high carbon content.

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Soil classification provides a poor indicator of carbon turnover rates in soil

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Temperature and water controls on vegetation emergence, microbial dynamics, and soil carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem

Temperature and water controls on vegetation emergence, microbial dynamics, and soil carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem

A novel biologically-based approach to evaluating soil phosphorus availability across complex landscapes

Soil respiration characteristics in different land uses and response of soil organic carbon to biochar addition in high-latitude agricultural area

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