Soil conditions and sheltering techniques improve active restoration of degraded Nothofagus pumilio forest in Southern Patagonia

Valenzuela, Patricio; Arellano, Eduardo C.; Burger, James A.; Oliet, Juan A.; Pérez, Manuel Antonio Silva

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.042

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, in natural forests, Nothofagus spp often survives and grows slowly in the understory (Veblen et al 1996). Field evidence showed N. pumilio seedlings early mortality close to 70% when they were planted in open meadows with no protection (Valenzuela et al 2018). Allowing the growth and development of such mix of forest and meadows, lacking in any systematic silvicultural (see López Bernal et al 2012) or silvo-pastoral management, could lead to small fragments, irregularly distributed across the landscape and with limited value (Gea-Izquierdo et al 2004).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using forest historical information to target landscape ecological restoration in Southwestern Patagonia

Zegers

Arellano

Östlund

2019

Ambio

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Ecotonal zones between eastern semi-arid steppes and Nothofagus spp. forests in western Patagonia are the result of broad ecosystem changes, which have intensified in the last 140 years. Our objectives were to determine historical changes in land use, land cover, and forces driving such changes in Nothofagus ecosystems in the Río Verde district in southern Chile, to support future management recommendations. This interdisciplinary study used historical records including scientific and military expeditions, Landsat imagery, and other archival sources. Forest cover changed radically between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, from subsistence use by indigenous peoples, to forestry and livestock industries. The main driving forces of landscape change have been anthropogenic forest fires, logging, exotic pasture establishment, and mining. Future perspectives suggest that conserving the cultural values and natural resources of this region will depend on ecologically sound landscape planning, reversing forest fragmentation, restoring riparian corridors, and preserving indigenous archaeological sites. Keywords Ecological restoration Á Forest history Á Historical ecology Á Land use change Á Nothofagus forests Á Patagonia Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Chiliotrichium spp. Native species plantations should utilize natural defenses (e.g., shelter tubes and trees, using natural microtopography) against wind desiccation and herbivores, or more complex ecotechnologies as suggested by Valenzuela et al (2016) and Valenzuela et al (2018) for this study area.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using forest historical information to target landscape ecological restoration in Southwestern Patagonia

Zegers

Arellano

Östlund

2019

Ambio

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“…To ensure the establishment of desired species, restoration practices often require additional manipulation of the microsite where the seedlings are going to be planted to avoid or diminish any negative biotic or microenvironmental effects on plant establishment (Whisenant 1999; Veblen et al 2004;Heinemann and Kitzberger 2006;Valenzuela et al 2016Valenzuela et al , 2018. These negative effects are often caused by competition for light, soil water and/ or nutrients by nearby herbaceous vegetation, or by the lack of nurse plants to protect the seedlings from excessive radiation and/or surrounding microenvironmental temperature fluctuations (Garau et al 2008;Dinger and Rose 2009;Padilla and Pugnaire 2006;Maguire et al 2009;Urretavizcaya et al 2017;Caselli et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In others, and particularly during early stages of establishment, seedlings may be protected from extreme temperatures, dehydration, and excessive radiation by a nearby nurse shrub (Bertness and Callaway 1994;Keeley 1992; Chambers et al 1999, Urretavizcaya and Defossé 2013. However, when nearby shrub vegetation is absent, this protection effect could be substituted by using artificial shelters (Bellot et al 2002;Oliet et al 2005;Chaar et al 2008;Piñeiro et al 2013;Valenzuela et al 2016Valenzuela et al , 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

et al. 2022

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Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi are endemic species of the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina. Both species grow in either pure or mixed stands. In the last decades, several A. chilensis stands have been degraded by different disturbances that have compromised their natural regeneration. Plantation of seedlings of both species may be an alternative to help restore ecological, scenic and productive characteristics of these stands. In this study, we determined, in degraded A. chilensis stands grown in a xeric (≈ 690 mm.yr −1 ) and a mesic (≈ 984 mm.yr −1 ) site without canopy cover, the effects of tree shelters, the presence/absence of neighboring herbaceous vegetation, and the interaction between these factors on the performance (i.e. survival and growth) of planted N. dombeyi and A. chilensis seedlings, during four growing seasons. Results showed that tree shelters improved survival of N. dombeyi in the mesic site, and improved survival of both species in the xeric site. The removal of neighboring herbaceous vegetation improved the survival and diameter growth of both species at the xeric site, and improved the diameter growth of both species at the mesic site. By applying these planting technologies, both species could be successfully used for restoring highly degraded A. chilensis stands at mesic sites, while it is more advisable to use A. chilensis at xeric sites under open sky conditions.

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“…Along with protecting seedlings from animal predation, an overall positive effect of shelters on survival has been observed in planting experiments with predation exclusion, as shown by a meta-analysis about ecotechnologies for dryland restoration [11]. However, single studies show that the effects of tree shelters are species and site-specific [12]. Planting experiments in the Mediterranean suggest that tree shelters improve the survival of many shadetolerant Mediterranean species [10,13,14], particularly in harsh areas [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Transmissivity of Tree Shelters Interacts with Site Environment and Species Ecophysiology to Determine Outplanting Performance in Mediterranean Climates

Oliet

Puértolas

Valenzuela

et al. 2021

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Plastic tree shelters are commonly used in plantations under Mediterranean climates to protect against herbivory and enhance outplanting performance. However, effects on outplanting performance cannot be generalized due to the complexity of plant responses to microenvironmental conditions within the tube wall. The interactions between the light transmissivity of the tubes and species-specific responses to light and site environment on two-year outplanting performance were studied in two species with contrasting shade tolerance planted inside tree shelters with four different light transmissivities and a non-tree shelter control at two Mediterranean sites with contrasting rainfall and temperature. In general, increasing light transmissivity enhanced biomass accumulation, suggesting that the use of clear tubes might be advisable. However, the shade-tolerant Q. ilex did not benefit from the greater light transmissivity in the most arid site, indicating that the positive effect of clear tubes depends on water stress experienced by seedlings, which ultimately is determined by drought resistance strategies and site conditions. The growth of both species and survival of P. halepensis were higher within clear tubes in the continental site than in unsheltered plants, which suggests that factors other than light, such as warmer daytime temperatures or the prevention of dust deposition, can explain this beneficial site-dependent effect of tree shelters. In conclusion, our results confirm the hypothesis that the effect of tree shelter and its light transmission on outplanting performance is site and species-specific, but further research is needed to identify the effect of other effects not related to light transmission.

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Soil conditions and sheltering techniques improve active restoration of degraded Nothofagus pumilio forest in Southern Patagonia

Cited by 15 publications

References 93 publications

Using forest historical information to target landscape ecological restoration in Southwestern Patagonia

Using forest historical information to target landscape ecological restoration in Southwestern Patagonia

Weed control and use of tree shelters: improving restoration success of degraded north Patagonian forests

Light Transmissivity of Tree Shelters Interacts with Site Environment and Species Ecophysiology to Determine Outplanting Performance in Mediterranean Climates

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