Soil Contamination With Eggs of Toxocara Species in Public Parks of Karaj, Iran

Zibaei, Mohammad; Bahadory, Saeed; Cardillo, Natalia Marina; Khatami, Ali

doi:10.15171/ijep.2017.11

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Toxocara/Toxascaris infection in human populations is considered as a chronic parasite in nature which is distributed worldwide, particularly in tropical underdeveloped countries [28]. Several risk factors are supposed to play a major role in Toxocara/Toxascaris distribution among the human population, consisting of habitation in rustic areas, soil contact, consuming the undercooked meat of the infected paratenic host, insufficient and unhygienic water repositories, poor housing and low education as well [29][30][31][32]. Furthermore, owing to the adventurous nature of children, such as tasting any objects, eating soil and/or earthworms and being in the vicinity of dogs and cats, they are considered as a substantial risk group regarding toxocariasis [4,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, owing to the adventurous nature of children, such as tasting any objects, eating soil and/or earthworms and being in the vicinity of dogs and cats, they are considered as a substantial risk group regarding toxocariasis [4,33]. Hence, public places in which children may walk around such as parks, playgrounds, beaches and sandboxes are crucial territories for the acquisition of the infection [28,31]. Since most individuals do not manifest any pathognomonic symptoms, the actual prevalence rate of the infection remains to be elucidated, even in industrialized nations [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

et al. 2020

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Background: Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic disease caused by species of Toxocara and Toxascaris, common in dogs and cats. Herein, a meta-analysis was contrived to assess the prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in carnivore and human hosts in different regions of Iran from April 1969 to June 2019. Methods: The available online articles of English (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Ovid) and Persian (SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Iran Doc) databases and also the articles that presented in held parasitology congresses of Iran were involved. Results: The weighted prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.0-31.0%) and 32.6% (95% CI: 22.6-43.4%), respectively. Also, pooled prevalence in jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was 23.3% (95% CI: 7.7-43.2%) and 69.4% (95% CI: 60.3-77.8%), correspondingly. Weighted mean prevalence of human cases with overall 28 records was 9.3% (95% CI: 6.3-13.1%). The weighted prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina was represented as 13.8% (95% CI: 9.8-18.3%), 28.5% (95% CI: 20-37.7%) and 14.3% (95% CI: 8.1-22.0%), respectively. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results illustrate a considerable prevalence rate of Toxocara/Toxascaris, particularly in cats and dogs of northern parts of Iran. The presence of suitable animal hosts, optimum climate and close contact of humans and animals would have been the reason for higher seroprevalence rates of human cases in our region. Given the significance clinical outcomes of human Toxocara/Toxascaris, necessary measures should be taken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

et al. 2020

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“…(12,13). Reports of soil contamination with geohelminth eggs have been published in Iran and other countries, as summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Contamination with Soil Transmitted Helminthes in Schools and Play Areas of Kermanshah City, West of Iran

et al. 2016

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Background: Geohelminth infections are common infections worldwide. These helminthes are parasitic nematodes, which could infect humans and animals by contact with eggs or infective larvae and in some cases cause serious disorders, especially in children. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of geohelminth eggs in the soil of schools and play areas of Kermanshah city, western Iran. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ninety-two soil samples were collected from 24 primary schools and 24 play areas from four different parts of each area. Diagnosis of geohelminth was confirmed by the recovery of their eggs by the flotation technique using sucrose solution and examined under light microscope using 10X and 40X objectives. Results: Out of 192 soil samples, soil of play areas from four regions was contaminated with geohelminth eggs. The rate of soil contamination with Trichuris spp. eggs was 3.12% while this was 2.1% for hookworm eggs, yet no Ascaris eggs were found in the examined soil samples. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study there is a risk of infection with soil transmitted helminthes among children of Kermanshah, Iran.

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“…According to several studies, the prevalence of Toxocara eggs differs from 5% to 63% in different areas. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, located in the southwest of Iran, is one of the important regions for animal husbandry. A recent serological study demonstrated a 2% prevalence of toxocariasis in 2-14 year-old children in this province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Soil Contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in Different Areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

Shirvani

Abdizadeh

Naeini

et al. 2019

Int J Epidemiol Res

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Background and aims: Toxocariasis caused by the larvae of Toxocara spp. is a zoonotic infection with global distribution that is considered an important health problem in the humans. The soil is regarded as the main source of the transmission of Toxocara infection to susceptible hosts. This study investigated the existence of Toxocara spp. ova in rural and urban public areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: A total of 180 soil samples were randomly collected from 74 public places from urban and rural areas of nine counties of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during May to September, 2017. The samples were examined for Toxocara spp. eggs by the modified sucrose flotation method. Results: The contamination rate of the soil samples with Toxocara spp. ova varied within 0%-18.1% in different counties. Overall, 9 (5%) out of 180 examined soil samples were found positive for Toxocara spp. ova. Of nine investigated districts, Toxocara spp. ova were observed in four counties and the highest rate of soil contamination was found in Farsan county with 18.1%. Finally, the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs was more in the rural areas (6.7%) compared to the urban ones (3.3%). Conclusion: This study was the first investigation regarding the contamination of Toxocara spp. eggs in the soil of public places in rural and urban areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. According to the results, the rate of soil contamination in this region was lower compared with the other parts of Iran. Therefore, a further study is required to determine factors that may be involved in the distribution of Toxocara spp. in different areas of this province.

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Soil Contamination With Eggs of Toxocara Species in Public Parks of Karaj, Iran

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Soil Contamination with Soil Transmitted Helminthes in Schools and Play Areas of Kermanshah City, West of Iran

The Study of Soil Contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in Different Areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest Iran

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