Soil Contamination with Metals in Mountainous: A Case Study of Jaworzyna Krynicka in the Beskidy Mountains (Poland)

Abstract

The paper presents the content of six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the soils of the southern slope of Jaworzyna Krynicka in Poland. Soil samples were collected in polygons, starting from an altitude of 500 m above sea level and ending at an altitude of 1100 m above sea level. Ten soil samples were collected in each polygon. The polygons were set at every 100 m of absolute altitude. The selected research area is an important natural area. The fertile mountain beech forests located there are the most important forest communities in the mountain areas of Poland. They are valuable habitats for plants and animals (especially for large predatory mammals). Every year, numerous tourists and health resort patients visit this place. The results of the research showed that soil contamination in the study area is not high, in particular for altitudes of 500 and 900 m above sea level. At these altitudes, the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were similar to the concentrations of these metals in uncontaminated soils. The tests carried out showed very low cadmium content for all absolute altitudes. Zinc, the concentrations of which exceeded natural values, showed the highest content in the tested soils. All the metals tested showed a common tendency of increases in their content in the soils of Jaworzyna Krynicka up to 800 m above sea level. From an altitude of 900 m above sea level, the content of these metals decreased, except for Pb. Only Pb concentrations in Jaworzyna Krynicka soils also increased with the increasing altitude. The research significance of this work is that it is important for assessing the ecological balance in the selected area.

Organic fermentative‐humic soil subhorizon (Ofh) as a ‘natural sponge’ of selected trace elements: Does this feature make it a potential geoindicator of temperate soil quality?

“…The explanation of this phenomenon lies in the increased airborne transport of particles at higher elevations, which are a carrier of various pollutants (Kock & Hofer, 1998; Mi et al, 2018). Our results are consistent with the results obtained by other authors who also noted the characteristic increase in trace metal content with increasing altitude (Dorocki & Korzeniowska, 2023; Korzeniowska & Krąż, 2020; Migaszewski, 1998; Migaszewski et al, 2001; Migaszewski & Pasławski, 1996; Scaccabarozzi et al, 2020). Dorocki and Korzeniowska (2023) pointed out that this trend can only be observed up to a certain altitude (around 700, 800 m a.s.l.).…”

“…Our results are consistent with the results obtained by other authors who also noted the characteristic increase in trace metal content with increasing altitude (Dorocki & Korzeniowska, 2023;Korzeniowska & Krąż, 2020;Migaszewski, 1998;Migaszewski et al, 2001;Migaszewski & Pasławski, 1996;Scaccabarozzi et al, 2020). Dorocki and Korzeniowska (2023) pointed out that this trend can only be observed up to a certain altitude (around 700, 800 m a.s.l.). The same conclusion was drawn by Ding et al (2017), who noted that heavy metal concentrations increase considerably with increasing elevation, but with a sort of sinusoidal pattern at higher elevations.…”

The spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the mountain forest topsoils (the Silesian Beskids, southern Poland)

“…Babia Góra Ciepał et al 91 – – – 105.0–215.0 – – – – – Range μg·kg −1 Mt. Pilsko Ciepał et al 91 – – – 185.0–325.0 – – – – – Range μg·kg −1 The Gorce Mountains Miśkowiec 92 – 31.9–57.5 0.22–0.79 56.4–99.9 – – – – – Range μg·kg −1 The Sądecki Beskids Dorocki and Korzeniowska 93 – 17.8–66.6 0.26–0.65 43.2–117.9 8.1–35.8 7.1–44.2 12.5–36.8 – – Range μg·kg −1 The Sądecki Beskids Kicińska 94 – 45.0 1.3 176.0 - 17.0 31.0 5.0 – Average μg·kg −1 …”