Soil contribution to carbon budget of Russian forests

Mukhortova, L. V.; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Shvidenko, А.; McCallum, Ian; Kraxner, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.09.017

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Soil temperature is a decisive factor and many researchers use soil temperature as the main environmental driven in soil respiration (Raich and Schlesinger, 1992;Kätterer et al, 1998;Mukhortova et al, 2015). However, in semiarid regions moisture has been demonstrated to be a major factor driving soil respiration (Lavigne et al, 2004;Badia et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Temporally Pattern Of Co2 Concentration In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the CO2 dynamics in near-surface cavities under a future warming scenario: Factors and evidence from the field and experimental findings

Pla

Cuezva

Garcia-Anton

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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This study is based in a field monitoring of a cave-soil-atmosphere system validated with laboratory experimentation. CO2 and 222 Rn dynamics in the cavity demonstrate the dependence on the climatic parameters, mainly on the differences between outdoor and indoor temperatures. Within the cave, the annual cycles are characterized by two outstanding moments: cave gaseous recharge and ventilation when cave acts as gaseous sink or source respectively. Relationship with soil above the cave exists permanently. Soil temperature and moisture are responsible for CO2 production at different time scales.Soil CO2 in Rull site reaches values higher than 3000 ppm in April-May, which falls to nearly 1000 ppm during the summer time. Due to CO 2 diffusion, maximum values in the cave are reached in the warmest months and are in accordance to soil CO2 values. Within the cave, maximum CO2 concentration is, in average, 3470 ppm while minimum is 623 ppm. Cave temperature and relative humidity remain quite stable with mean values of 16.1 ºC and 97.9% respectively. To describe field findings, CO2 production and diffusion experiments are developed related to soil behaviour. Results show that soil CO2 production increases as soil temperature and moisture increase according to a calculated logarithmic equation until water content in soil exceeds the saturation values. In addition, CO2 diffusion in Rull soil is reduced around 60% when water content in soil increases from 0 to 30%. Soil-produced CO2 reaches Rull cave, by diffusion. We estimate 57 kg of emitted CO2 from the cave to the atmosphere in an annual cycle, considering a volume of 9915 m 3 . Finally, projections of future climate in the study site confirm a general tendency for annual-mean conditions to be warmer and drier, which will directly affect soil CO2 production. Under this situation, Rull cave will experience changes in the stored and then exchanged annual amount of CO2.

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Section: Temporally Pattern Of Co2 Concentration In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the CO2 dynamics in near-surface cavities under a future warming scenario: Factors and evidence from the field and experimental findings

Pla

Cuezva

Garcia-Anton

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Heterotrophic soil respiration rates are one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in our current understanding of the Earth's climate system [ Mukhortova et al ., ]. While soil respiration rates are primarily driven by substrate availability, temperature, and moisture, roughly 30% of observed variation cannot be explained by these factors [ Ayres et al ., ; Cleveland et al ., ; Keiser et al ., ; Strickland et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial communities: An application of macromolecular rate theory to microbial respiration

et al. 2016

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There is compelling evidence that microbial communities vary widely in their temperature sensitivity and may adapt to warming through time. To date, this sensitivity has been largely characterized using a range of models relying on versions of the Arrhenius equation, which predicts an exponential increase in reaction rate with temperature. However, there is growing evidence from laboratory and field studies that observe nonmonotonic responses of reaction rates to variation in temperature, indicating that Arrhenius is not an appropriate model for quantitatively characterizing temperature sensitivity. Recently, Hobbs et al. (2013) developed macromolecular rate theory (MMRT), which incorporates thermodynamic temperature optima as arising from heat capacity differences between isoenzymes. We applied MMRT to measurements of respiration from soils incubated at different temperatures. These soils were collected from three grassland sites across the U.S. Great Plains and reciprocally transplanted, allowing us to isolate the effects of microbial community type from edaphic factors. We found that microbial community type explained roughly 30% of the variation in the CO2 production rate from the labile C pool but that temperature and soil type were most important in explaining variation in labile and recalcitrant C pool size. For six out of the nine soil × inoculum combinations, MMRT was superior to Arrhenius. The MMRT analysis revealed that microbial communities have distinct heat capacity values and temperature sensitivities sometimes independent of soil type. These results challenge the current paradigm for modeling temperature sensitivity of soil C pools and understanding of microbial enzyme dynamics.

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“…Furthermore, in those simulations that included the effect of fire, the climate change-induced increase in carbon stock was offset by fires of higher intensity (Shanin et al, 2011). Recent estimate of heterotrophic respiration in Russian forest ecosystems and spatial distribution of the ratio of NPP to heterotrophic respiration (Mukhortova et al, 2015) allow to suppose that the rate of changing of heterotrophic respiration might be higher than this of NPP. Permafrost is projected to be highly vulnerable to warming, and thawing is projected to be very pronounced (Koven et al, 2011;Schaefer et al, 2011;Schaphoff et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tamm Review: Observed and projected climate change impacts on Russia’s forests and its carbon balance

Schaphoff

Reyer

Schepaschenko

et al. 2016

Forest Ecology and Management

110

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a b s t r a c tRussia's boreal forests provide numerous important ecosystem functions and services, but they are being increasingly affected by climate change. This review presents an overview of observed and potential future climate change impacts on those forests with an emphasis on their aggregate carbon balance and processes driving changes therein. We summarize recent findings highlighting that radiation increases, temperature-driven longer growing seasons and increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations generally enhance vegetation productivity, while heat waves and droughts tend to decrease it. Estimates of major carbon fluxes such as net biome production agree that the Russian forests as a whole currently act as a carbon sink, but these estimates differ in terms of the magnitude of the sink due to different methods and time periods used. Moreover, models project substantial distributional shifts of forest biomes, but they may overestimate the extent to which the boreal forest will shift poleward as past migration rates have been slow. While other impacts of current climate change are already substantial, and projected impacts could be both large-scale and disastrous, the likelihood for a tipping point behavior of Russia's boreal forest is still unquantified. Other substantial research gaps include the large-scale effect of (climate-driven) disturbances such as fires and insect outbreaks, which are expected to increase in the future. We conclude that the impacts of climate change on Russia's boreal forest are often superimposed by other environmental and societal changes in a complex way, and the interaction of these developments could exacerbate both existing and projected future challenges. Hence, development of adaptation and mitigation strategies for Russia's forests is strongly advised.

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Soil contribution to carbon budget of Russian forests

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Changes in the CO2 dynamics in near-surface cavities under a future warming scenario: Factors and evidence from the field and experimental findings

Changes in the CO2 dynamics in near-surface cavities under a future warming scenario: Factors and evidence from the field and experimental findings

Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial communities: An application of macromolecular rate theory to microbial respiration

Tamm Review: Observed and projected climate change impacts on Russia’s forests and its carbon balance

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