Soil creep process and its role in debris slide generation — field measurements on the north side of Tsukuba Mountain in Japan

Sasaki, Yasuhito; Fujii, Atsuki; Asai, Ken-ichi

doi:10.1016/s0013-7952(99)00141-6

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field observations worldwide have investigated sporadic and chronic sediment transport within headwater channels and landslide scars in steep terrain (Shimokawa, ; Trustrum and DeRose, ; Benda, ; Onda, ; Bovis and Jakob, ; Sasaki et al, ). Such sediment transport involves a complex set of hydrologic, geomorphic, and biological feedbacks including soil creep, surface wash, dry ravel, slumping and sloughing around the original headwall, small landslides, and inputs of woody debris (Dietrich and Dunne, ; Sasaki et al, ; Sidle and Ochiai, ). Sediment flux into landslide scars generally is rapid at first because of the active mass movements such as collapse of the head scarp and flanks, then progressively slower as infilling is dominated by more chronic processes such as soil creep, surface erosion, and dry ravel (Sidle, ; Trustrum and DeRose, ; Dietrich et al, ; Heimsath et al, ; Sidle and Ochiai, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Types of active transport processes are strongly affected by climate and topography. In humid regions, heavy rainfall facilitates sediment infilling via surface erosion and soil creep (Roberts and Church, ; Sasaki et al, ). In cold regions, freezing–thawing of soil water induces various infilling processes, including needle ice creep, frost creep, and gelifluction (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…>0·1 m depth) also occurs in steep terrain associated with wetting (and swelling) of the soil (Sasaki et al, ; Sonoda and Okunishi, ). Furthermore, sediment dynamics are not constant even within the same landslide site due to local topography and hydrogeomorphic processes (Okunishi and Iida, ; Onda et al, ; Sasaki et al, ). Although many physically based and experimental models describe specific types of sediment transport (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region, Japan

Imaizumi

Sidle

Togari-Ohta

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The duration of the soil-depth recovery needed for reoccurrence of shallow colluvial landslides at a given site in humid regions is much longer than the return period of rainfall needed to generate sufficient pore water pressure to initiate a landslide. Knowledge of the rate of change in soil depth in landslide scars is therefore necessary to evaluate return intervals of landslides. Spatial variation in sediment transport at the Kumanodaira landslide scar in central Japan was investigated by field observations. Spatial distribution of the rate of change in soil depth was estimated using sediment transport data and geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Observations revealed that the timing of sediment transport differed for shallow and deep soil layers. Near-surface sediment transport (mostly dry ravel and some shallow soil creep at depths ≤0·05 m) measured in sediment traps was active in winter and early spring and was affected by freezing-thawing; soil creep of subsoil (i.e. >0·05 m), monitored by strain probes, was active in summer and autumn when precipitation was abundant. Near-surface sediment flux was estimated by a power law function of slope gradient. Deeper soil creep was more affected by relative location to the landslide scar, which influences soil depth, than by slope gradient. Our study indicated that the rate of soil-depth recovery is high just below the head scarp of the landslide. Abrupt changes in the longitudinal slope topography immediately above, within and just below the head scarp became smoother with time due to degradation proximate to the landslide head scarp and flanks, as well as aggradation just below the head scarp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region, Japan

Imaizumi

Sidle

Togari-Ohta

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Their research shows that among many hydrodynamic factors, the runoff power on the slope is the most closely related to the average sediment transport rate of runoff, and the runoff power is the factor that can best reflect the soil erosion rate. It is easier to analyze and simulate the soil erosion process by using runoff kinetic energy and power theory [42,43]. Previous studies have shown that vegetation type, vegetation coverage, vegetation litter, humus, and roots are important factors affecting soil erosion on slopes.…”

Section: Effects Of Vegetation Community Restoration On the Hydrodynamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Vegetation Successional Status on Slope Runoff Erosion in the Loess Plateau of China

Chang

et al. 2019

Water

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Slope vegetation restoration is known to influence erosion in the Loess Plateau region in China. The ability of vegetation to mitigate soil erosion under extreme runoff, however, has not been studied in great detail in this region. Here, we examine five typical vegetation communities in the Loess Plateau region that originated from restoration efforts enacted at different times (1, 11, 15, 25, and 40 years). Water scouring experiments were carried out to monitor vegetation community succession and its effects on erosion. These results indicate that the sum of plant importance values increased from 260.72 to 283.06, species density increased from 2.5 to 4.5 per m 2 , and the amount of litter and humus increased from 24.50 to 605.00 g/m 2 during the 1 to 40 years of vegetation community succession. Root biomass and root diameter reached a maximum of approximately 10.80 mg·cm −3 and 0.65 mm at 40 years of recovery. Slope runoff velocity decreased by 47.89% while runoff resistance increased by 35.30 times. The runoff power decreased by 19.75%, the total runoff volume decreased by 2.52 times, and the total sediment yield decreased by 11.60 times in the vegetation community. Slope runoff velocity and power had the largest correlation with aboveground vegetation (0.76, 0.74), total runoff had the largest correlation with underground roots (0.74), and runoff resistance was most strongly correlated with soil structure (0.71). Studies have shown that the succession of vegetation communities can enhance the aboveground ecological functions of plants, thereby significantly reducing the runoff velocity and power. The development of plant root system significantly reduces the runoff volume; the improved soil structure significantly increased the runoff resistance coefficient.

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Soil creep and convex‐upward velocity profiles: theoretical and experimental investigation of disturbance‐driven sediment transport on hillslopes

Roering

2004

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The movement of unconsolidated materials near the Earth's surface is often driven by disturbances that occur at a range of spatial and temporal scales. The nature of these disturbances ranges from highly variable, such as tree turnover, to periodic and predictable, such as frost heave or creep. To explore the effect of probabilistic disturbances on surface processes, we formulated a granular creep model with analogy to rate process theory (RPT) used for chemical reactions. According to the theory, individual particles must be energized to a height greater than adjacent particles in order for grain dilation and transport to occur. The height of neighbouring particles (which is akin to activation energy in chemical reactions) varies with slope angle such that energy barriers get smaller in the downslope direction as slopes steepen. When slopes approach the friction-limited angle of repose, the height of energy barriers approaches zero and grains flow in the absence of disturbance. An exponential function is used to describe the probability distribution of particle excitation height although alternative distributions are possible. We tested model predictions of granular dynamics in an experimental sandpile. In the sandpile, acoustic energy serves as the disturbance agent such that grains dilate and shear in response. Particle velocities are controlled by the frequency of energy pulses that result in grain displacement. Using tracer particles, we observed a convex-upward velocity profile near the surface of the sandpile, consistent with predictions of our RPT-based velocity model. In addition, we depth-integrated the velocity model to predict how flux rates vary with inclination of the sandpile and observed non-linear flux-gradient curves consistent with model predictions. By varying the acoustic energy level in the experimental sandpile, we documented changes in the rate of grain movement; similar changes in modelled velocities were achieved by varying the exponent of the particle excitation probability distribution. The general agreement between observed and modelled granular behaviour in our simple laboratory sandpile supports the utility of RPT-based methods for modelling transport processes (e.g. soil creep, frost heave, and till deformation), thus enabling us to account for the probabilistic nature of disturbances that liberate sediment in natural landscapes.

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Soil creep process and its role in debris slide generation — field measurements on the north side of Tsukuba Mountain in Japan

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region, Japan

Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region, Japan

The Impact of Vegetation Successional Status on Slope Runoff Erosion in the Loess Plateau of China

Soil creep and convex‐upward velocity profiles: theoretical and experimental investigation of disturbance‐driven sediment transport on hillslopes

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