Soil Development and Spatial Variability on Geomorphic Surfaces of Different Age

Barrett, Linda R.; Schaetzl, Randall J.

doi:10.1080/02723646.1993.10642466

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…At the landscape scale, some chronosequence studies indicate divergent pedogenesis, where soil variability and diversity increases over time (Phillips 1993(Phillips , 2001aBarrett and Schaetzl 1993;Barrett 2001;Saldana and Ibanez 2004). Other studies at this scale show divergent pedogenesis associated with dynamical instabilities in topographic/soil coevolution, vertical translocation processes, and persistence of pedological impacts of disturbances (Ibanez et al 1994;Schaetzl et al 2006;Toomanian et al 2006;Samonil et al 2014Samonil et al , 2015Valtera et al 2015).…”

Section: Pedologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Complexity of Earth Surface System Evolutionary Pathways

Phillips

2016

Math Geosci

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Evolution of Earth surface systems (ESS) comprises sequential transitions between system states. Treating these as directed graphs, algebraic graph theory was used to quantify complexity of archetypal structures, and empirical examples of forest succession and alluvial river channel change. Spectral radius measures structural complexity and is highest for fully connected, lowest for linear sequential and cyclic graphs, and intermediate for divergent and convergent patterns. The irregularity index β represents the extent to which a subgraph is representative of the full graph. Fully connected graphs have β = 1. Lower values are found in linear and cycle patterns, while higher values, such as those of divergent and convergent patterns, are due to a few highly connected nodes. Algebraic connectivity (μ(G)) indicates inferential synchronization and is inversely related to historical contingency. Highest values are associated with fully connected and strongly connected mesh graphs, whereas forking structures and linear sequences all have μ(G) = 1, with cycles slightly higher. Diverging vs. converging graphs of the same size and topology have no differences with respect to graph complexity, so complexity change is dependent on whether development results in increased or reduced richness. Convergent-divergent mode switching, however, would generally increase ESS complexity, decrease irregularity, and increase algebraic connectivity. As ESS and associated graphs evolve, none of the possible trends reduces complexity, which can only remain constant or increase. Algebraic connectivity may increase, however. As improving shortcomings in ESS 123 Math Geosci evolution models generally result in elaborating possible state changes, this produces more structurally complex but less historically contingent models.

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Section: Pedologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Complexity of Earth Surface System Evolutionary Pathways

Phillips

2016

Math Geosci

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“…A very humid chronosequence in British Columbia contained 350-yr-old podzols (Singleton and Lavkulich 1987), while Spodosols on lake terraces in Michigan, USA, formed in 6000Á11000 yr (Barrett and Schaetzl 1993). Incipient podzolic horizon development has been explored by many studies, and in most forested udic or humid frigid soil temperature regimes, visible eluvial horizons have been found within 150 yr in coastal Alaska (Bormann et al 1995), around 100 yr in Danish pine plantations (Stu¨tzer 1998) or 40 yr in a Michigan pine forest (Bronick and Mokma 2005).…”

Section: Podzolic Horizon Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil development rates from an optically stimulated luminescence-dated beach ridge sequence in Northern Jutland, Denmark

Nielsen¹,

Elberling²,

Pejrup³

2010

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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M. 2010. Soil development rates from an optically stimulated luminescence-dated beach ridge sequence in Northern Jutland, Denmark. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 295Á307. Rates of podzolic soil development in sandy, temperate soils were quantified based on 14 soil pedons with five substrata from a beach ridge chronosequence near Jerup, Northern Denmark (578N). Soil pH, organic carbon (C) as well as extractable iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) were measured. The age of each pedon and soil stratum was measured by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and used to estimate soil development rates. Soils were divided into five groups from Typic Haplorthods and Entic Alorthods with a mean OSL age of 29659294 yr to Typic Quartzipsamments with a mean OSL age of 22911 yr. Acidification rates during the first 200 yr were Â1.9 pH units per 100 yr in the A horizons and C-sequestration rates wereÂ25 g C m (2 yr(1 (excluding litter accumulation). After Â1500 yr, the mineral soil C stocks stabilised around 13.092.0 kg C m (2 . Translocation rates of Al into B horizons were Â0.3 kg Al m (2 per 1000 yr, while translocation rates for Fe were scattered. Our study illustrates the potential of OSL dating in chronosequence studies to quantify soil development rates.Key words: Soil development rates, chronosequence, OSL-dating, C-sequestration rates and translocation rates Nielsen, A. H., Elberling, B. et Pejrup, M. 2010. Taux de de´veloppement du sol dans une se´quence de ride de plage date´e par luminescence stimule´e optiquement dans le nord du Jutland, au Danemark. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 295Á307. Les auteurs ont quantifie´le taux de de´veloppement des podzols dans un sol tempe´re´sablonneux a`partir de 14 pe´dons incluant 5 sousstrates issues d'une chronose´quence pre`s de Jerup, dans le nord du Danemark (578N). Ils ont mesure´le pH du sol, la concentration de carbone organique (C) ainsi que la proportion de fer (Fe) et d'aluminium (Al) extractible. L'aˆge de chaque pe´don et strate a e´te´e´tabli par luminescence stimule´e optiquement (LSO) ce qui a permis d'estimer le taux de de´veloppement du sol. Les sols ont e´te´re´partis en cinq groupes, de l'haplorthod typique a`l'alorthod entique, dont la LSO moyenne est de 2 9659294 ans, aux quartzipsamments typiques, dont la LSO moyenne se chiffre a`22911 ans. Le taux d'acidification au cours des 200 premie`res anne´es e´tait deÂ1,9 unite´pH par sie`cle pour les horizons A, tandis que le taux de se´questration du C s'e´tablissait a`Â25 g par m 2 et par anne´e (sans la couverture de´tritique). Apre`s Â1500 ans, la re´serve de C du sol se stabilise autour de 13,092,0 kg par m 2 . La translocation de l'Al dans les horizons B se situe a`Â0,3 kg par m 2 par 1 000 ans alors que celle du Fe varie. L'e´tude re´ve`le le potentiel de la me´thode de datation par LSO dans l'e´tude des chronose´quences pour mesurer le taux de de´veloppement du sol.

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“…Soil landscapes (soilscapes) are some of the most complex and intricate of all physical landscapes (Campbell, 1979;Brubaker and Hallmark, 1991;Barrett and Schaetzl, 1993;Kabrick et al, 1997;Sinowski and Auerswald, 1999). This complexity arises because soils are an integration of many spatial systems, each of which is spatially complex (Phillips, 1993a(Phillips, ,b, 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%