The
synergy problem was
discussed linking Se nanoparticles and different soil fertility agents.
Se zero-valent-state nanoparticles were investigated as fertilizers
and antioxidants. A technology was proposed for producing Se zero-valent-state
nanoparticles. Se nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation of
Se in water using a fiber ytterbium laser, with a wavelength between
1060 and 1070 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 20 kHz, a pulse duration
of 80 ns, and an average power of 20 W, and a copper vapor laser with
wavelengths of 510.6 and 578.2 nm and an average power of 8 W. The
main particle mass part shifted from 800 nm to a size less than 100 nm, corresponding
to the increase in the laser fragmentation time. The resulting nanoparticles
were monodisperse in size and mass. The Se nanoparticle water suspension
was introduced into the soil. The soil Se nanoparticle concentrations
were about 1, 5, 10, and 25 μg kg
–1
. An experiment
was carried out in a climate chamber in two series: (1) growing plants
in soil imitating the standard organogenesis environment conditions
such as illumination of 16 h per day, temperature of 22 °C, soil
humidity of 25% SDW, and an experiment duration of 30 days and (2)
growing plants in soil under changing environmental conditions of
organogenesis. The standard environmental conditions for the first
10 days are illumination of 16 h day
–1
, temperature
of 22 °C, and soil humidity of 25% SDW. The plant stress for
5 days is hyperthermia of 40 °C. The standard environmental conditions
for the next 15 days are illumination of 16 h day
–1
, temperature of 22 °C, and soil humidity of 25% SDW. At standard
organogenesis, the plant leaf plate surface area was 30 ± 2 cm
2
in the control option, and the Se nanoparticle doses were
correspondingly 1 μg kg
–1
for 32 ± 3
cm
2
, 5 μg kg
–1
for 37 ± 2
cm
2
, 10 μg kg
–1
for 38 ± 3
cm
2
, and 25 μg kg
–1
for 28 ±
4 cm
2
. Hyperthermia stressed plant growth was studied.
The highest plant growth rate was in Se nanoparticle concentrations
of 5 and 10 μg kg
–1
. The eggplant growth on
the soil with the Se nanoparticle addition at a concentration of 10
μg kg
–1
of leaf plate surface area was twice
compared to the eggplant growth in untreated soil. The same was for
tomato plants. The leaf plate surface area of the cucumber plant grown
using Se nanoparticles was 50% higher compared to the control option.
The Biogeosystem technique methodology of 20–45 cm soil-layer
intrasoil milling for soil multilevel aggregate system formation and
intrasoil pulse continuous-discrete watering for soil water regime
control was proposed for the Se nanoparticles for better function
in the real soil, providing a synergy effect of soil mechanical processin...