Soil fungal communities as bioindicators of ancient human impacts in medieval settlements in different geographic regions of Russia and southwestern Kazakhstan

Characterization of soil bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities inhabiting archaeological human-impacted layers at Monte Iato settlement (Sicily, Italy)

“…Changing features of microbial communities in human impacted soils of ancient settlements can be used as a tool to evidence different anthropogenic activities in the distant past 5 , 8 , 10 , 11 . In this study, soil bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in three layers, excavated at the archaeological site on Monte Iato and believed to have been created in a chronological order in the context of cultic feasts during the 6 th cent.…”

“…The detection of phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium spp. at a cultural site of a medieval settlement has been associated with grain pit locations 10 . In this line, in our study, the presence of OTUs belonging to Ilyonectria genus (which were the most abundant ones and contributed the most to explain the differences in the fungal community structures among the three layers) in soil samples of the three layers is seen as an evidence of the accumulation of vegetal material (whose presence was also revealed by the charcoal detected) as a consequence of the ancient anthropogenic activity since species of this genus have been associated with root and decay of woody and herbaceous plants 31 , 32 .…”

“…In the context of the archaeological study of soils at ancient settlements, microbial communities can be used as precise indicators of ancient anthropogenic activities during soil formation in the distant past 10 . It has been suggested that changing features of microbial communities associated with archaeological human-impacted soil layers can be considered as a kind of archive of both environmental and anthropogenic conditions during the period of their formation, adding precise information about the nature of specific activities in the past.…”

Isolation and Screening of Fungal Isolates for Multienzyme Production Through Submerged and Solid State Fermentations

“…A small tuft of the fungus (2-3 mm) was transferred into the drop using an inoculating or teasing needle and teased gently. Preparation was examined under low and high, dry magnification for the presence of characteristic mycelia and fruiting structures [22].…”

Fluorescence spectroscopy of endo-and exometabolites of some microscopic fungi species in water

“…вещества. Загрязнения и другие деструктивные экологические процессы приводят к структурнофункциональным деформациям грибных сообществ [14,15]. Очевидно, что обнаружение, идентификация и изучение процессов, протекающих при росте грибов на закрепленном субстрате или в виде планктонных составляющих гидроценозов, представляется необходимым также для оценки биоразнообразия и экологического мониторинга водных экосистем.…”