Soil fungal community composition does not alter along a latitudinal gradient through the maritime and sub-Antarctic

Dennis, Paul G.; Rushton, Steven; Newsham, Kevin K.; Lauducina, Vito A; Ord, Victoria J; Daniell, Timothy J.; O'Donnell, Anthony G.; Hopkins, D. W.

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2011.12.002

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition in field soils was also shown to be the product of both dispersal and environmental variables [54]. In different studies, a range of physico-chemical parameters was found to structure the mycobiomes of soils sampled along a 2,370 km latitudinal gradient in the southern maritime Antarctic [55], in alpine soils [38], as well as field soils in Texas [56] and Japan [57]. By contrast, Hovatter et al [28] did not find evidence for either species sorting or dispersal limitation to be acting on a regional scale, on fungal community composition in the rhizosphere of Lobelia siphilitica plants or adjacent bulk soil.…”

Section: Soil Mycobiomes Are Spatially Structured Over a Broad Scalementioning

confidence: 98%

454 Pyrosequencing Analysis of Fungal Assemblages from Geographically Distant, Disparate Soils Reveals Spatial Patterning and a Core Mycobiome

et al. 2013

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Identifying a soil core microbiome is crucial to appreciate the established microbial consortium, which is not usually subjected to change and, hence, possibly resistant/resilient to disturbances and a varying soil context. Fungi are a major part of soil biodiversity, yet the mechanisms driving their large-scale ecological ranges and distribution are poorly understood. The degree of fungal community overlap among 16 soil samples from distinct ecosystems and distant geographic localities (truffle grounds, a Mediterranean agro-silvo-pastoral system, serpentine substrates and a contaminated industrial area) was assessed by examining the distribution of fungal ITS1 and ITS2 sequences in a dataset of 454 libraries. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were assigned to 1,660 and 1,393 Operational 74Taxonomic Units (OTUs; as defined by 97% sequence similarity), respectively. Fungal beta-diversity was found to be spatially autocorrelated. At the level of individual OTUs, eight ITS1 and seven ITS2 OTUs were found in all soil sample groups. These ubiquitous taxa comprised generalist fungi with oligotrophic and chitinolytic abilities, suggesting that a stable core of fungi across the complex soil fungal assemblages is either endowed with the capacity of sustained development in the nutrient-poor soil conditions or with the ability to exploit organic resources (such as chitin) universally distributed in soils.

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Section: Soil Mycobiomes Are Spatially Structured Over a Broad Scalementioning

confidence: 98%

454 Pyrosequencing Analysis of Fungal Assemblages from Geographically Distant, Disparate Soils Reveals Spatial Patterning and a Core Mycobiome

et al. 2013

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“…Soils were collected from the top 5 cm at Signy, Greenwich, Wiencke, Livingston and Alectoria islands (Figure ; Table ). The locations were a subset of a larger sampling programme exploring soil biodiversity in the region (Dennis et al ., , ). We selected areas with varying soil characteristics, ranging from beach sands to orthinogenic soils containing a large proportion of guano from penguins.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We investigated a range of surface soils taken from the maritime Antarctic. Less than 5 g of soil were required per test, and so it permitted unplanned mechanical tests of samples collected originally for a biological study (Dennis et al ., ). Stress‐dependent loading imparted by the rotational rheometer was highly controlled and the 2 mm thickness of samples decreased thermal gradients imposed by a Peltier stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelifluction and Thixotropy of Maritime Antarctic Soils: Small-Scale Measurements with a Rotational Rheometer

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Dennis

Newsham

et al. 2016

Permafrost and Periglac. Process.

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Gelifluction, thixotropy and yield stress were measured from < 5 g soil samples taken from Signy, Alectoria, Greenwich, Wiencke and Livingston islands in the maritime Antarctic using a temperature‐controlled rotational rheometer. The small sample size that this method permitted is compatible with sampling from sensitive sample locations. An oscillating 10 Pa shear stress was applied to samples at ‐0.5 kPa water potential. Two freeze‐thaw cycles had temperature ramps from 5°C to ‐10°C over 2 h, followed by ‐10°C to 5°C over 2 h and finally at 5°C for 1 h. At freezing onset, the shear modulus, G, dropped to 4–50 per cent of thawed G, with no differences between locations. At thawing onset, G dropped to 8–32 per cent of thawed G, with significant differences between locations (P < 0.001). Thixotropy was then measured by applying a 2 kPa oscillating shear stress for 10 min, followed by relaxation at 10 Pa for 2 h. The increased shear stress caused G to drop to less than 8 per cent of the pre‐stressed value, with no difference between locations. After 0.1 and 2 h, G was 18–65 per cent and 31–82 per cent of the pre‐stressed value, respectively. A shear ramp determined yield stresses ranging from 494–2217 Pa. These findings demonstrate the potential risk of more frequent freeze‐thaw cycles or the occurrence of thawed soil to the stability of polar soils. Gelifluction through more frequent freeze‐thaw cycles could result in increased slope movement, whereas thixotropy caused by trampling of thawed soils could exacerbate mechanical damage of surface soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Furthermore, latitudinal diversity gradients have been demonstrated in nearly every taxonomic group and in every imaginable environment (Roy et al, 1998;Willig et al, 2003;Hillebrand, 2004;Qian et al, 2009). Latitudinal diversity trends in fungi, however, tend to be less clear; endophytes follow traditional gradients (Arnold and Lutzoni, 2007), soil fungal diversity does not vary with latitude (Dennis et al, 2012), while ectomycorrhizas show reverse trends with the greatest diversity at high latitudes (Tedersoo and Nara, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do lichens show latitudinal patterns of diversity?

2015

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Soil fungal community composition does not alter along a latitudinal gradient through the maritime and sub-Antarctic

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

454 Pyrosequencing Analysis of Fungal Assemblages from Geographically Distant, Disparate Soils Reveals Spatial Patterning and a Core Mycobiome

454 Pyrosequencing Analysis of Fungal Assemblages from Geographically Distant, Disparate Soils Reveals Spatial Patterning and a Core Mycobiome

Gelifluction and Thixotropy of Maritime Antarctic Soils: Small-Scale Measurements with a Rotational Rheometer

Do lichens show latitudinal patterns of diversity?

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