Soil Fungistasis: Behavior of Nutrient-Independent Spores and Sclerotia in a Model System

Hsu, S. C.

doi:10.1094/phyto-63-334

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Soil plates were incubated for 24 h before use. A system was used which attempts to provide a nutrient sink similar to the microbial nutrient sink of natural soil, through aqueous leaching of a bed of IOO ml sand bearing the propagules on membrane filters (Hsu & Lockwood, 1973). The volume of water held by the sand bed at saturation was 33 ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain fungal propagules, however, contain sufficient energy reserves to germinate readily in glass-distilled water, but fail to do so in soil ( KO & Lockwood, 1967;Emmatty & Green, 1969 ;Hsu & Lockwood, 1973). Germination of such nutrient-independent, yet fungistasissensitive, propagules is also suppressed during incubation on a bed of sand leached with water or phosphate buffer (Hsu & Lockwood, 1973). This treatment imposes upon the propagule a steepened nutrient depletion gradient, and is designed to copy the microbial energy depletion sink in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Fungistasis: Role of Spore Exudates in the Inhibition of Nutrient-independent Propagules

Bristow

Lockwood

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYSuppression of germination of conidia of Cochliobolus victoriae was similar during incubation on sand being leached with water and on sand leached with salt solutions. Conidia of C . victoriae, Thielaviopsis basicola and Curvularia lunata, and sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum, exuded more 14C label during leaching with phosphate buffer than on buffer-saturated sand without leaching. Conidia of C. victoriae and Cochliobolus sativus became dependent upon exogenous nutrients after 7 days' incubation on soil or leached sand. Decreased viability followed the loss of nutrient independence. Germination of C. victoriae and Cu. lunata was stimulated when they were leached with exudate from spores of either fungus, or by a dilute nutrient solution simulating natural exudate. Conidia rendered nutrient-dependent by leaching, germinated and accumulated radioactivity when incubated on exudate from l*C-labelled spores. Nutrient-independent spores exude non-specific energyrich nutrients which may be rendered unavailable to the spores by microbial activity in soil, resulting in fungistasis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Fungistasis: Role of Spore Exudates in the Inhibition of Nutrient-independent Propagules

Bristow

Lockwood

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Sterile soil was obtained by autoclaving plates at 121 "C for 30 min, then adding sufficient sterile water to return the soil moisture to its original level. A system was used which provides a nutrient depletion sink similar to the microbial nutrient sink of natural soil, through aqueous leaching of a bed of sand bearing propagules on membrane filters (Hsu & Lockwood, 1973; Bristow & Lockwood, 1975). The volume of water held by the sand bed at saturation was 33 ml.…”

Section: P R Bristow and J L Lockwood Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal spores that require an exogenous source of nutrients for germination are inhibited when exposed to soil, moist sand, or leached sand at any stage during germination, or during growth following germination (Steiner & Lockwood, 1969;Hsu & Lockwood, 1973). To determine whether the same is true for nutrient-independent propagules, unwashed conidia of C. victoriae were first incubated on water-saturated sand for intervals of up to 6 h, then transferred to water-saturated sand, Conover loam, the clay loam, or to the leaching system for 4 h additional incubation.…”

Section: Time When C Victoriae Conidia Become Insensitive To Fungistmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, spores and sclerotia of certain fungi will germinate in water alone, but only sparsely in soil. Germination of such propagules is also suppressed when incubated on sand undergoing aqueous leaching in a system designed to impose upon the propagules a diffusion stress similar to that imposed in soil through microbial activity (KO & Lockwood, 1967;Hsu & Lockwood, 1973;Bristow & Lockwood, 1975). Evidence provided by Hora & Baker (1970) suggests the involvement of a volatile fungistatic factor in addition to nutrient deprivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Fungistasis: Role of the Microbial Nutrient Sink and of Fungistatic Substances in Two Soils

Bristow¹,

Lockwood²

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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Sensitivity of conidia of Cochliobolus victoriae to fungistasis decreased markedly following incubation on moist sand for at least I h. Germination was greater on Conover loam or on sand being leached with water than on an alkaline clay loam soil known to produce a volatile fungistatic substance. Evolution of 14C02 began within 3 min after [14C]glucose was applied to the soils; the rate of 14C02 evolution was faster with Conover loam. Germination of Thielaviopsis basicola conidia per unit of glucose remaining in agar discs initially containing 0.1 % glucose, was lower for discs incubated on the clay loam soil than on Conover loam, and was greatest on a bed of sand undergoing aqueous leaching. Germination of ascospores of Neurospora tetrasperma and conidia of C. victoriae was suppressed on discs of washed, Purified Agar or polyacrylamide gel incubated on or over the clay loam soil, but no suppression resulted when discs were incubated on Conover loam. Extensive aeration of either soil did not remove its fungistatic effect. Fungistasis in Conover loam appears to be caused primarily by nutrient deprivation, whereas volatile fungistatic substances may play a major role in the clay loam soil.

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Fungal Spores, Spore Dormancy, and Spore Dispersal

Deacon¹

2005

Fungal Biology

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Soil Fungistasis: Behavior of Nutrient-Independent Spores and Sclerotia in a Model System

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Soil Fungistasis: Role of Spore Exudates in the Inhibition of Nutrient-independent Propagules

Soil Fungistasis: Role of Spore Exudates in the Inhibition of Nutrient-independent Propagules

Soil Fungistasis: Role of the Microbial Nutrient Sink and of Fungistatic Substances in Two Soils

Fungal Spores, Spore Dormancy, and Spore Dispersal

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