Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry in Perspective

Paul, Eldor A.; Clark, Francis E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-546805-3.50004-7

Cited by 593 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Dehydrogenase activity measured in soil has been used to monitor activity as an index for the total oxidative activity of microorganisms. In general, biological oxidation of organic compounds is generally a dehydrogenation process, which is catalyzed by dehydrogenase enzymes [17]. Table 2 shows data of biological activity obtained at the beginning and end of soil treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostimulation combined treatments for remediation of diesel contaminated soil

Calvo¹,

Silva-Castro²,

Uad³

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Bioremediation is an important technology for the restoration of oil polluted environments by indigenous or selected microorganisms. In general, the rate of biodegradation depends on the number and types of microorganisms, the nature and chemical structure of pollutants to be degraded and the environmental conditions. In this study we have evaluated the efficacy of the application of four different biostimulation treatments for the biodegradation of diesel contaminated soils. The treatments applied involved: (a) the addition of NPK fertilizer + Ivey I surfactant; (b) the addition of NPK fertilizer + Ethanol; (c) the addition of NPK fertilizer + Biorem; and (d) oxidation by Fenton's reagent combined with NPK fertilizer. Microbial activity was evaluated following growth of heterotrophic and degrading microorganisms, dehydrogenase activity and CO 2 production. Hydrocarbons degradation was established by determination of TPH, alkanes, branched alkanes, pristane and phytane by GC/MS. Our results have shown that the application of NPK fertilizer in combination with Ivey surfactant is an efficient treatment to be applied in clay soil. Treatment with Fenton's reagent previous to the application of NPK fertilizer also efficiently enhanced hydrocarbon biodegradation in saturated conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostimulation combined treatments for remediation of diesel contaminated soil

Calvo¹,

Silva-Castro²,

Uad³

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…Soil microorganisms play a critical role in ecosystem nutrient cycling, facilitating the decomposition of organic matter, the release of nutrients contained therein and specific processes that influence the flow of these nutrients to plants and hydrological and gaseous losses to surrounding environments (Paul and Clark 1996;Bauhus and Khanna 1999;Groffman and Bohlen 1999). Soil microbial biomass and activity also strongly influence ecosystem retention of carbon (C) and (N) and soil fluxes of trace gases (for example, methane and nitrous oxide) that influence the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere (Mooney and others 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biomass and activity of microorganisms in soil are regulated by complex interactions among plant production, which supplies organic matter to fuel microbial growth, climate, which constrains microbial decomposition activity, soil physical properties, which regulate habitat availability and "carrying capacity" for soil microbes, and trophic dynamics that can regulate microbes by predation (Zak and others 1994;Paul and Clark 1996;Bauhus and Khanna 1999;Bohlen and others 2001). Trophic control of soil microbial biomass and activity is not well understood due to difficulties in defining and studying soil food webs (Beare and others 1992;Brussard and others 1997;Wall and Moore 1999;Anderson 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic Earthworm Invasion and Microbial Biomass in Temperate Forest Soils

et al. 2004

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“…The nitrogen cycling processes are mediated by soil organisms [3,8]. Nitrogen cycles are strongly mediated by microorganisms and comprises four major pathways: (i) Biological nitrification, the conversion of ammonium (NH 4 +) to nitrite (NO 2 -) and NO 2 -to nitrate (NO 3 -) mediated by Nitrosoccus and Nitrobacter bacteria; (ii) symbiotic nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation: mediated by Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium associated with legumes and Frankia, Nostoc and Azolla associated wuth non legume; (iii) the freeliving nitrogen fixers, the rhizosphere nitrogen fixing Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Bacillus, free-living nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria and Clostridium; and (iv) denitrification, the conversion of nitrate to gaseous nitrogen mediated by facultative heterotrophic bacteria.…”

Section: Nitrogen Cycle Processes Mediated By Bacteria and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient cycling processes are mediated by soil organisms, hence forming a major component of the soil system and, therefore, greatly contributing to soil health [8]. Amongst the keystone soil microorganisms that contribute to soil health and subsequent plant growth are bacteria (symbiotic and free living) such as Rhizobium and Bradyrhzobium, and Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus and Pseudomonas; fungi in symbiosis with plants (Arbuscular Mycorrhizae), fungi in the rhizosphere (Trichoderma) and other plant growth promoting organisms [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbe mediated zinc uptake in soy bean: A review

Jefwa¹,

Ohiokpehai²,

Kavoo³

et al. 2011

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

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The availability of the nutrients to plants depends on the inherent and derived mechanisms to access these nutrients. More attention has been given to macronutrients which are more accessible, easily replenished and utilized by plants for growth. Macronutrients are crucial and improve yield but compromise quality of the crop, leading to a phenomenon termed as 'the empty harvest'. The soil nutrient cycle processes are mediated by both biotic and abiotic factors with nutrients available in gaseous and in soil solution. Roots play a major role in the uptake of nutrients from the soils. The rhizosphere and rhizoplane of roots is rich with soil biota, amongst them microorganisms, which play a major role in nutrient availability, accessibility and translocation. Nutrient uptake can be enhanced by microorganisms through direct and indirect processes. There is sufficient evidence for nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrient uptake and availability mediated by microorganisms. The uptake of micronutrients such as zinc depends on that of phosphorus. A large proportion of the world population has shortcomings from a nutrition perspective of being low in zinc and other essential nutrients. There is widespread zinc deficiency in diets causing zinc deficiency diseases. This is combated through pharmaceutical supplements, industrial fortification and most recently biofortification through agriculture. Biofortification has taken highest priority in guaranteeing quality of crops. However, soils exploitation for micronutrients can be enhanced by biological interventions to guarantee adequate uptake by plants and improve crop quality. Microbiological interventions that increase root growth, the availability and transfer of Zn from soil to plants are, therefore, crucial. This article reviews promising microbiological interventions for zinc uptake and gives an overview of microbiological interventions for nitrogen and for phosphorus that are directly linked with zinc uptake. Soya bean is taken as a model plant in this review to elucidate the mechanism of Zn mobilization.

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Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry in Perspective

Cited by 593 publications

References 12 publications

Biostimulation combined treatments for remediation of diesel contaminated soil

Biostimulation combined treatments for remediation of diesel contaminated soil

Exotic Earthworm Invasion and Microbial Biomass in Temperate Forest Soils

Soil microbe mediated zinc uptake in soy bean: A review

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