Soil Microbiome: Diversity, Benefits and Interactions with Plants

Abstract

Plant roots aid the growth and functions of several kinds of microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic bacteria, actinomycetes, nematodes, protozoans which may impart significant impacts on plant health and growth. Plant soil–microbe interaction is an intricate, continuous, and dynamic process that occurs in a distinct zone known as the rhizosphere. Plants interact with these soil microbes in a variety of ways, including competitive, exploitative, neutral, commensal, and symbiotic relationships. Both plant and soil types were found to have an impact on the community diversity and structure of the rhizosphere, or vice versa. The diversity of microorganisms in soil is thought to be essential for the management of soil health and quality because it has different plant growth-promoting or biocontrol effects that could be very advantageous for the host plant and alter plant physiology and nutrition. The composition of microbial community is influenced by soil and plant type. Besides these beneficial microbes, the soil also harbors microorganisms that are detrimental to plants, competing for nutrients and space, and causing diseases. Numerous microorganisms have antagonistic activity and the ability to defend plants from soil-borne diseases. The study of the soil microbiome is essential for formulating strategies for transforming the rhizosphere to the benefit of the plants. This review pays special emphasis on the types of microbial populations in the soil and how they influence plant growth, nutrient acquisition, inter-relationships between soil microbes and plants, stress resistance, carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation.

Molecular Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Wood Canker, Root and Basal Rot in Turkish Grapevine Nurseries

“…The rhizosphere of plants contains diverse microbial communities, such as actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, which interact with plant roots and each other. Climatic conditions, soil texture, chemistry, and plants' genetic assets may closely influence the formation of these communities and plant-pathogen interactions in the rhizosphere [50,51]. These factors may affect the resistance of plants to pathogens and may also play a role in the transition of Fusarium species, which were found to be weakly parasitic in this study, to the pathogenic form.…”

<em>Fusarium</em> Species Associated with Wood Canker, Root and Basal Rot in Turkish Grapevine Nurseries

“…The rhizosphere of plants contains diverse microbial communities, such as actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, which interact with plant roots and each other. Climatic conditions, soil texture, chemistry, and the plant species or cultivars may closely influence the formation of these communities in the rhizosphere [41]. These factors may affect the resistance of plants to pathogens and may also play a role in the transition of Fusarium species, which were found to be opportunistic in this study, to the pathogenic form.…”

Exploring the interplay between the core microbiota, physicochemical factors, agrobiochemical cycles in the soil of the historic tokaj mád wine region

“…We observed that temporal factors exerted a marked influence on the soil bacterial community composition. The observation that diverse soil fungal symbiomes are more resistant to external interventions is confirmed by the fact that fungal compositions showed a higher correspondence due to ripening, indicating that community resilience increases with diversity [ 41 ]. Computational tools allowed us to perform network comparisons of dynamic systems.…”