Soil Micromorphology

Kowalinski, S.

doi:10.1097/00010694-197503000-00014

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The situation has rapidly changed at the beginning of 21 st century due to increasing international contacts. Whereas, the presence of clay cutans in the micromophological slides has been successfully used as diagnostic criterium for illuvial horizon since mid-1960s (Chodak and Kowaliński, 1972;Kowaliński, 1969Kowaliński, , 1970Kowaliński and Bogda, 1966;Zasoński, 1980Zasoński, , 1983Zasoński, , 1990. The 4 th edition of soil classification (Systematyka gleb Polski, 1989) identified seven subtypes of gleby płowe (lessives): typical, podzolized, brown (having a B -cambic-like horizon below A), stagnogleyed, gleyed, having agric horizon (plough pan), and having a glossic tonguing.…”

Section: Classification Of Clay-illuvial Soils (Gleby Płowe) In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luvisols and related clay-illuvial soils (<i>gleby płowe</i>) – soils of the year 2023. Current view of their origin, classification and services in Poland

Kabała

2023

Soil Sci. Ann.

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The Soil Science Society of Poland has elected gleby płowe (clay-illuvial soils) to be the Soils of the Year 2023. Gleby płowe are the most important soils in Poland, both in terms of occupied area, at least 45% of the total soil cover of Poland, and the importance for national agriculture. Gleby płowe are considered medium to highly productive soils, suitable for wheat, rapeseed and corn cultivation, so the vast majority of these soils are occupied by arable land use, while only their little fragments remained in forests, forming mesotrophic and eutrophic habitats. The joining feature of all gleby płowe is the presence of an argic illuvial diagnostic horizon, developed in the course of mechanical translocation of the clay fraction. However, this group is probably among the most diversifi ed soils in Poland, as a consequence of the huge diversity of its parent materials and environmental conditions of their origin, as the well as the subsequent transformation induced by the long-term agricultural land use. This diversity is refl ected in the highest number of soil subtypes (13) distinguished in a single soil type in the Polish Soil Classifi cation, and their partial correlation with at least fi ve reference soil groups (Luvisols, Retisols, Stagnosols, Planosols and Alisols) of an international WRB classifi cation. This paper contains a brief review of (a) the development of the concept of clay-illuvial soils in the world and in Poland, (b) the current defi nition and classifi cation of gleby płowe in Poland in relation to international classifi cation, and (c) the state of the art in the knowledge of clay-illuvial soils in Poland, considering the unsolved issues of their origin, transformation and distribution in Poland.

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Section: Classification Of Clay-illuvial Soils (Gleby Płowe) In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luvisols and related clay-illuvial soils (<i>gleby płowe</i>) – soils of the year 2023. Current view of their origin, classification and services in Poland

Kabała

2023

Soil Sci. Ann.

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“…The latter may be correlated with the 'black earths' of Miklaszewski (1930); however, Mieczyñski (1938) did not support the opinion on the post-boggy origin of these soils. This simple distinction of chernozemic soils in Poland into the 'dry' common/degraded/podzolized chernozems and the 'moist' post-bog black earths has been maintained since the end of World War II (Przyrodniczo-genetyczna klasyfikacja gleb Polski 1956; Genetyczna klasyfikacja gleb Polski 1959) despite many pedologists reporting the presence of moist (secondary moistened) variants of chernozems and questioning the only one accepted process (a post-bog genesis) for all black earths' origination (Kowaliñski 1952). Moreover, these genetically oriented classifications have omitted many specific variants of chernozemic soils, such as eroded chernozems (with thinned humus horizon) and colluvial chernozems (i.e.…”

Section: Development Of the Definition And Classification Of Chernozementioning

confidence: 99%

Chernozem (czarnoziem) – soil of the year 2019 in Poland. Origin, classification and use of chernozems in Poland

Kabała

2019

Soil Science Annual

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The Soil Science Society of Poland has elected chernozem to be the Soil of the Year 2019. Although chernozems cover less than 2% of Poland, they have high importance for agriculture due to their productivity and play a specific scientific role for understanding of soil development and functioning in an environment. Chernozems are also crucial for the reconstruction of Neolithic agriculture development and human impacts on soil and landscape. This introductory paper presents (a) a specific definition of chernozem in Poland, connected with a separate distinction of black earths and colluvial chernozemic soils; (b) a review of the present and former classification schemes for chernozems in Poland and their correlation with international soil classification systems (WRB and Soil Taxonomy); (c) the spatial distribution of chernozems in Poland, their agricultural evaluation and threats for chernozems’ quality and future existence related to intense land use.

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“…They are young soils, created as a result of regulatory and drainage projects (£abaz and Kaba³a 2014). However, Kowaliñski (1952) reported that the black earths developed from loess at higher elevations and even on hill-tops should not be considered to be soils created by drying lakes or swamps, but rather as meadow soils, developed in course of the intensive accumulation of turf organic matter under seasonally excessive moisture conditions. In numerous patches of black earths in south-western Poland, many transitional forms have been noted, i.e.…”

Section: Origin Of Soils and Reasons For Their Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, the contemporary water stagnation in soil profiles, which is manifested by stagnic/gleyic properties, affects the physicochemical properties of these soils by, for example, inhibiting carbonate leaching and mineralization (decomposition) of humus, which contributes to a higher accumulation of organic matter in A horizons of moister chernozemic soils, i.e. black earths (Kowaliñski 1952, Borowiec 1968, Turski 1985.…”

Section: Origin Of Soils and Reasons For Their Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polish soil scientists have accepted the concept of a steppe origin of chernozems in eastern Poland, but since the 1930s they have supported the thesis of the separate, a swampy origin of moist and strongly gleyed chernozemic soils, called black earths (Miklaszewski 1930; translations of soil names after Kaba³a et al 2019a). After the World War II, this concept was extended to the territories of western and northern Poland; however, Kowaliñski (1952) postulated that the humus-rich soils in the Silesian Lowland couldn't have swampy origination due to their situation in landscape and thus were formed on wet meadows by the transformation of humus-gleyic soils. Their silty or loamy texture limited water permeability and prolonged the water saturation period and the presence of reduction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological diversity of chernozemic soils in south-western Poland

Łabaz

Kabała

Dudek

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

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Diverse chernozemic soils featured by thick mollic horizon, rich in humus, dark-coloured, structural, and saturated with base cations are relatively common in the loess-belt of SW Poland. It is postulated, that most of these soils may have similar initial (chernozemic) history of thick humus horizon, related to climate conditions and vegetation in the Late Pleistocene and the Neolithic periods. However, these soils exist on various bedrocks and under different moisture conditions that led to the development accompanying features and variable classification of soils, both in Polish and international soil classifications. The aim of the paper is to presents the most important variants of loess-derived chernozemic soils of SW Poland, in relation to local conditions, which influenced soil transformation and present spatial diversification. ‘Typical’ chernozems (WRB: Calcic Chernozems), which have a mollic horizon and secondary carbonates, but are free of strong redoximorphic features, are rather uncommon in the region. Whereas, the black earths (WRB: Gleyic/Stagnic Chernozems/Phaeozems), featured by the presence of mollic horizon and strong gleyic or stagnic properties in the middle and bottom parts of the profiles, are predominant loess-derived chernozemic soils in SW Poland. Their most specific forms, developed on the clayey bedrock, are black earths with a vertic horizon (WRB: Vertic Stagnic Phaeozems). The strongly leached chernozemic soils developed over permeable subsoils, lacking carbonates and free of (strongly developed) stagnic/gleyic properties are called grey soils, often featured by the presence of subsurface diagnostic horizons cambic or luvic (WRB: Cambic/Luvic Phaeozems).

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Soil Micromorphology

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Luvisols and related clay-illuvial soils (<i>gleby płowe</i>) – soils of the year 2023. Current view of their origin, classification and services in Poland

Luvisols and related clay-illuvial soils (<i>gleby płowe</i>) – soils of the year 2023. Current view of their origin, classification and services in Poland

Chernozem (czarnoziem) – soil of the year 2019 in Poland. Origin, classification and use of chernozems in Poland

Morphological diversity of chernozemic soils in south-western Poland

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