Soil Microorganisms: An Important Determinant of Allelopathic Activity

Inderjit, Inderjit

doi:10.1007/s11104-004-0159-x

Cited by 206 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, relative concentrations of some phenolics may increase during decomposition depending upon their chemical structure (Gallet and Lebreton 1995), and moreover the ability of microbes to metabolize those structures (Sugai and Schimel 1993). In fact, it has been well demonstrated that microbial metabolism is an important factor in determining the magnitude and duration of allelopathic interactions involving phenolic acids as soil microorganism are both producers and degraders of chemicals and are in the same time affected by allelochemicals (Inderjit 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap size effects on above- and below-ground processes in a silver fir stand

et al. 2009

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Changes in soil properties related to natural regeneration of silver fir (Abies alba, Mill.) in small (185 m 2 ) and medium (410 m 2 ) gaps, in the Calabria Apennines (Southern Italy), were studied 2 years after gap creation. The organic matter within the medium gaps decayed more rapidly than those in the small gaps. Among the microenvironmental variables and soil properties, soil temperature was most strongly positively related to organic matter decomposition rates. Medium gaps had high soil temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance, and low soil moisture. Within medium gaps, we found a great amount of phenolic compounds and a low content of organic matter and humic acids. These results indicate that in the medium gaps mineralization of organic matter was more important than humification. In contrast, in small gaps, the great amount of organic matter, the high content of humic acid and the values of humification index suggested that in these gaps the humification process of organic matter prevailed. Within small gaps, we observed more silver fir regeneration than medium gaps. Difference in organic matter content, particularly in the amount of phenolic compounds, may account for differences observed in natural regeneration of silver fir between small and medium gaps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap size effects on above- and below-ground processes in a silver fir stand

et al. 2009

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“…Other workers have also demonstrated that soil properties can greatly affect allelopathy phenomena in various ways (Tongma et al, 2001;Hiradate et al, 2010). Different effects of N is probably due to its different influences on the microbes which decompose plant materials, as each one has its own specific microorganism capable of degrading its plant material (Kumar et al, 1993;Schmidt and Lipson, 2004;Inderjit, 2005;Xuan et al, 2005). The C/N ratio of the allelopathic crop materials is another important factor which can influence the rate of the release of allelochemicals into the soil and consequently their inhibitory effects on germination and seedling growth of weeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike artificial herbicides, the use of allelopathy for weed suppression in agroecosystems is a complicated practice. A broad range of different factors can influence the allelopathic activity of allelochemicals, including soil and climatic conditions (Ponder et al, 1985;Blum, 1998;Kobayashi, 2004;Inderjit, 2005). Nevertheless, there is not a lot of works describing the inhibitory effects of allelopathic plant materials as influenced by soil factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different nitrogen levels on phytotoxicity of some allelopathic crops

Norouzi

Mohammadi

Nosratti

2016

AAS

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Intensive usage of herbicides can result in the serious negative impacts on environment. Allelopathy by reducing seed germination and early seedling growth can play a fundamental role in suppressing weeds in crop fields. The effectiveness of allelochemicals is governed by different factors such as soil nutrient status, pH and microorganisms. Outdoor pot experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2013, to evaluate the effects of different levels of N fertilizer (0, 150, 300 kg ha -1 ) on the suppressing effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant materials on emergence and growth parameters of some weed species including Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Results indicated that adding plant materials of tobacco, sorghum, and alfalfa substantially reduced seed germination and early growth of the tested weeds. However, the weed species responded differently to the presence of the allelopathic plant materials. The use of N fertilizer had significant effects on the inhibitory potentials of the allelopathic plants. However, we didn't find consistent trends regarding the responses of the allelopathic crops to elevated N fertilizer levels in related to the traits under study.Key words: alfalfa, allelopathy, nitrogen, sorghum, tobacco, weeds IZVLEČEK UČINKI RAZLIČNIH ODMERKOV DUŠIKA NA FITOTOKSIČNOST NEKATERIH ALELOPATIČNIH POLJŠČINIntenzivna raba herbicidov ima lahko resne negativne vplive na okolje. Z zmanjševanjem kalitve in začetne rasti lahko igra alelopatija pomembno vlogo pri zatiranju plevelov. Na učinkovitost alelokemikalij vplivajo številni dejavniki kot so količina hranil v tleh, pH in mikroorganizmi. Na Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, je bil v letu 2013 izveden lončni poskus na prostem, z namenom ovrednotenja različnih odmerkov N gnojil (0, 150, 300 kg ha -1 ) na zaviralni učinek lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), navadnega sirka (Sorghum bicolor L.), in navadnega tobaka (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Po dodatku zmletih nadzemnih delov teh poljščin so spremljali vznik in rastne parameter treh plevelov, divjega sirka (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.), navadne kostrebe (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.) in navadnega ščira (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Rezultati so pokazali, da je dodatek navadnega tobaka, navadnega sirka in lucerne znatno zmanšal kalitev in zgodnjo rast testiranih treh plevelov. Testirani pleveli so se različno odzvali na dodatke alelopatskih rastlinskih ostankov. Uporaba dušičnih gnojil je imela značilen učinek na inhibitorni potencial alelopatskih rastlin, vendar niso uspeli ugotoviti konsistentnega trenda med odzivi plevelov na dodatke alelopatskih rastlin in povečanimi odmerki dušičnih gnojil.

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“…A controlled laboratory microcosm approach can allow for isolation of the chemical effects of mulch residue, where aqueous extracts can be used to simulate allelochemical leachate. The inclusion of soil in allelopathic microcosms to account for microbial degradation and other interactions with soil is an important factor often overlooked in allelopathy studies [8] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Allelopathic Potential of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) Mulch

Geddes¹,

Cavalieri²,

Daayf³

et al. 2015

AJPS

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Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) has been recognized as a good candidate for weed suppressive mulch in organic no-till cropping systems. In our study, the allelopathic potential of hairy vetch, fall rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (extracted species) were evaluated at both vegetative and reproductive developmental stages (extract stage) based on the germination and radicle elongation of five response species using aqueous extracts in soil microcosms. Our study found hairy vetch shoot extract to have little allelopathic potential compared to fall rye or winter wheat, both species for which the allelopathic potential is well documented. Interestingly, hairy vetch was the only extracted species to increase in allelopathic suppression of radicle elongation at the reproductive stage when plant biomass is near maximum. This result was conceivably due to the increased concentration of the putative allelochemical cyanamide in reproductive tissue. Chemical inhibition of radicle elongation in this extract, however, was only observed in the domesticated response species wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.). The allelopathic effect on germination varied and depended on extracted species, extract stage, and response species; whereas the effect on radicle elongation was similar among extracted species, yet unique within response species. This research demonstrated that allelopathy studies should include multiple allelopathic and response species to accurately quantify the magnitude of chemical effects among allelopathic species and to rule out potential phytotoxic chemical defense/detoxification mechanisms that exist in some response species.

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Soil Microorganisms: An Important Determinant of Allelopathic Activity

Cited by 206 publications

References 79 publications

Gap size effects on above- and below-ground processes in a silver fir stand

Gap size effects on above- and below-ground processes in a silver fir stand

Effects of different nitrogen levels on phytotoxicity of some allelopathic crops

The Allelopathic Potential of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) Mulch

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